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Clinical and Biomedical Research
Article . 2011
Data sources: DOAJ
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SEER UFRGS
Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: SEER UFRGS
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Cálculo de tamanho de amostra: proporções

Authors: Agranonik, Marilyn; Hirakata, Vânia Naomi;

Cálculo de tamanho de amostra: proporções

Abstract

Sample size calculation is a fairly common problem that has to be faced when designing a research project. The following aspects of the project will be defined based on this calculation: budget, schedule of data collection, existence (or not) of research subjects, i.e., viability of the project. The objective of the present article was to present the sample size calculation for estimation of a proportion (prevalence or incidence) and for the comparison of two proportions of independent groups using practical examples. We demonstrated that the sample size for estimation of a proportion increases as the confidence interval increases or as the margin of error decreases. When the objective is to compare proportions, the sample size increases as the level of significance decreases or as the power of the test increases, or even as the minimum clinical difference between the proportions is reduced.

Um problema bastante comum, cuja definição é fundamental na etapa de criação de um projeto de pesquisa é o cálculo do tamanho da amostra. A partir deste cálculo, será definido o cronograma de coleta de dados, ou mesmo a viabilidade do projeto. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o cálculo de tamanho de amostra para a estimação de uma proporção (prevalência ou incidência) e para a comparação de duas proporções de grupos independentes, através de exemplos práticos. Verifica-se que o tamanho da amostra para estimação de uma proporção aumenta, quando aumentamos o nível de confiança do intervalo ou quando diminuímos a margem de erro. Quando o objetivo é comparar proporções, o tamanho da amostra aumenta, quando diminuímos o nível de significância ou quando aumentamos o poder do teste, ou quando diminuímos a diferença mínima clinicamente significativa que desejamos detectar entre as proporções.

Keywords

Sample size calculation, Estimation of proportion, cálculo de tamanho de amostra, Comparison of proportions, comparação de proporções, R, estimação de proporção, Medicine, Técnicas de estimativa, Tamanho da amostra, Estatística

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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gold