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Analfabetismo no Brasil : configuração e gênese das desigualdades regionais

Authors: Ferraro, Alceu Ravanello;

Analfabetismo no Brasil : configuração e gênese das desigualdades regionais

Abstract

The census of 2000 reveals three things in relation to illiteracy: its persistence in Brazil, its extremely unequal distribution among the units of the Federation and the regional configuration of its distribution. In 1872 (according to the first census) the differences between the provinces were minimal. The census of 1920 showed the first change in this pattern of “equality” in generalized illiteracy. In the period from 1920 to 1960 the regional configuration of illiteracy as revealed by the census of 2000 was concluded. The factors that have been reducing the illiteracy rates in Brazil are mainly the concentration of public administration (first in Rio de Janeiro and later in Brasília), the small farmers (in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), the combination of urbanization and industrialization (in São Paulo and more recently in Minas Gerais and Paraná), the geographical closeness to the centers of political and economic power. But illiteracy has never been reduced by the latifundia, not even those used for coffee plantations.

O analfabetismo é uma forma extrema de exclusão. O Censo 2000 revela: a persistência do analfabetismo no Brasil, sua distribuição extremamente desigual entre as Unidades da Federação (UFSs) e a configuração regional dessa distribuição. Em 1872 (primeiro Censo), as diferenças entre as províncias eram mínimas. O Censo 1920 evidencia o primeiro rompimento dessa condição de “igualdade” no analfabetismo generalizado. O período 1920/1960 conclui a configuração regional do analfabetismo, assim como aparece no Censo 2000. O que tem empurrado para baixo as taxas de analfabetismo no Brasil é, principalmente, a concentração da administração pública (RJ e DF), a propriedade rural familiar (RS e SC), a urbanização aliada à industrialização (SP e, mais recentemente, MG e PR), a proximidade com os centros do poder político e econômico. Nunca o latifúndio. Nem mesmo o latifúndio do rei café.

Keywords

Analfabetismo, Desigualdade regional, Brasil, Latifundium, Slavery, Regional disparities, Illiteracy, Brazi, Estatística

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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