
handle: 10174/29296
As plantas são constantemente ameaçadas por diversos microrganismos patogénicos que prejudicam o seu crescimento e reprodução. Com isto, desenvolveram eficientes mecanismos de defesa físicos e químicos que podem ser inatos ou induzidos. Dependendo do tipo de interação com o patogénio, as plantas empregam estratégias de defesa distintas e específicas para a patogénese, através de um sistema imunológico multicamada, caracterizado por duas linhas de defesa: uma primeira, extracelular, que pode desencadear respostas de largo espetro (PTI) e uma segunda, intracelular, em que ocorre o reconhecimento muito específico do agente patogénico (ETI). Adicionalmente, embora não tenham um sistema imunológico, podem criar resistência induzida, que se caracteriza pela sinalização sistémica da resposta de defesa do local de infeção para as partes distantes do mesmo, estabelecendo uma capacidade defensiva melhorada. Compreender os mecanismos de defesa das plantas é fundamental para que se possam obter plantas mais tolerantes ou mimetizar e induzir estes mecanismos; ABSTRACT: Plants defence and resistance mechanisms against pathogens Plants are constantly threatened by several pathogenic microorganisms that harm their growth and reproduction. With this, they developed efficient mechanisms of physical and chemical defence that can be innate or induced. Depending on the type of interaction with the pathogen, plants employ distinct and specific defence strategies for the pathogenesis, through a multi-layered immune system, which is characterized by two lines of defence: a first, extracellular, which can trigger wide-spectrum responses (PTI) and a second one, with intracellular origin, in which the very specific recognition of the pathogenic agent occurs (ETI). Additionally, although lacking an immune system, they can create induced resistance, which is characterized by the systemic signalling of the defence response from the infection site to the distant parts of it, establishing an improved defensive capacity. Understanding the defence mechanisms of plants is essential to obtain more tolerant plants or to mimic and induce those mechanisms.
Resposta de defesa, Defence response, Mecanismos de defesa estrutural, Biochemical defence mechanisms, Mecanismos de resistência induzida, Mecanismos de defesa bioquímica, Hormonal pathways, Structural defence mechanisms, Vias de sinalização hormonal, Induced resistance mechanisms
Resposta de defesa, Defence response, Mecanismos de defesa estrutural, Biochemical defence mechanisms, Mecanismos de resistência induzida, Mecanismos de defesa bioquímica, Hormonal pathways, Structural defence mechanisms, Vias de sinalização hormonal, Induced resistance mechanisms
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