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Magmatismo Intrusivo no Ciclo Varisco (Alentejo NE, Portugal)

Authors: Carrilho Lopes, José;

Magmatismo Intrusivo no Ciclo Varisco (Alentejo NE, Portugal)

Abstract

Resumo: O presente estudo visa caracterizar em termos petrológicos, geoquímicos e também geocronológicos dois complexos plutónicos do nordeste alentejano: a província alcalina e o maciço de rochas hipersténicas de Campo Maior (MCM). Da primeira fazem parte dois maciços básicos, essencialmente gabróicos, incluindo termos olivínicos, implantados próximo de Alter do Chão (MAC) e de Elvas (ME), em torno dos quais ocorrem rochas félsicas de natureza (per)alcalina, representadas por sienitos com inossilicatos sódicos, sienitos nefelínicos e sienitos hastingsíticos, bem como por granitos hedembergíticos. Estes conjuntos fazem parte do Sector Alter do ChãoElvas (Zona de Ossa-Morena: ZOM) mas, a nordeste dele, talvez com excepção dos termos graníticos, voltam a estar presentes, embora afectados por blastese quase sempre intensa (gnaisses), no sector mais setentrional da ZOM, a Faixa Blastomilonítica. No núcleo estrutural desta banda de cisalhamento, mas aparentemente não afectado por este tipo de deformação/fracturação, intrui o conjunto de gabros noríticos que individualizam o MCM. A distinção petrográfica corresponde, em larga medida, à discriminação química verificada, quer em termos dos níveis de saturação em sílica, quer no que aos níveis de alcalinidade diz respeito. Assim, os três conjuntos máficos podem escalonar-se por ordem decrescente de alcalinidade e sub-saturação (MAC®ME®MCM), sequência posta em evidência pelos dados químico-mineralógicos e litogeoquímicos. As clinopiroxenas definem, principalmente através dos teores de Si, Al, Mn, Ti, Ca e Na, afinidades alcalinas para o MAC, mistas para o ME e calco-alcalinas para o MCM, caracterização confirmada pela composição dominante das anfíbolas, onde se destaca a presença de caersutite na maior parte dos gabros-MAC. Em relação aos dados químicos de rocha-total volta a notar-se nítida discriminação entre dois pólos composicionais correspondentes ao MAC e ao MCM, servindo o ME como zona de transição. Tendo em conta que se trata de rochas cumuladas merecem destaque as mais baixas razões Y/Nb do MAC (1.8-4.0) relativamente às do ME (4.0-10.7) e do MCM (2.3-13.2), as melhores correlações lineares entre elementos incompatíveis (La, Ce, Nb, Hf, Ta, Th, U, Zr) obtidas no MAC, bem como os mais elevados índices (La/Sm)N , (La/Lu)N e (Gd/Lu)N dos gabros olivínicos do MAC (1.3-1.7; 3.6-6.0; 2.0-3.1, respectivamente) quando comparados com os seus congéneres do ME (1.2-1.4; 2.7-3.2; 1.9-2.0). Relativamente aos conjuntos félsicos, foram detectadas sequências composicionais nas clinopiroxenas que podem ser resumidas em evoluções dos tipos (aegirina-augite -> aegirina ; diópsido -> hedembergite -> aegirina-augite), enquanto as anfíbolas primárias das várias fácies (per)alcalinas permitem identificar critérios considerados diagnósticos desta classe química, tais como: sequências do tipo (hastingsite -> catoforite -> ferro-richterite -> arfvedsonite/riebequite); ferro-pargasites como extremo cálcico precursor de algumas sequências; taramites como únicas anfíbolas e exclusivas dos sienitos nefelínicos. O quimismo das rochas félsicas reflecte as composições dos líquidos residuais de que derivaram. A maior parte dos sienitos riebequíticos apresenta razões (Zr/Nb) ME -> MCM). Clinopyroxenes and their Si, Al, Mn, Ti, Ca and Na contents, define alkaline affinities for MAC, hybrid for ME and calco-alkaline for MCM; this is confirmed by the chemistry of primary amphiboles, which includes kaersutite in the MAC. Lithogeochemistry also reveals two chemical poles marked by the MAC and the MCM, with transitional terms represented by the ME. Even though gabbros are dominated by cumulative processes it should be noted the lower Y/Nb values of the MAC (1.8-4.0) in comparison with the ME (4.0-10.7) and the MCM (2.3-13.2), as well as the best linear correlations between incompatible elements (La, Ce, Nb, Hf, Ta, Th, U e Zr) obtained in the MAC, and the higher ratios (La/Sm)N , (La/Lu)N and (Gd/Lu)N of olivinic gabbros of the MAC (1.3-1.7; 3.6-6.0; 2.0-3.1, respectively) when compared with the ME ones (1.2-1.4; 2.7-3.2; 1.9-2.0). In what concerns the felsic rocks it has been observed compositional sequences in clinopyroxenes which can be seen as evolutions similar to (aegirine-augite -> aegirine ; diopside -> hedenbergite -> aegirine-augite), while primary amphiboles of the several (per)alkaline facies allow to identify the following diagnostic criteria: sequences of the type (hastingsite -> katophorite -> ferro-richterite -> arfvedsonite/riebeckite); ferro-pargasites as precursors calcic extremes of some sequences; taramites as the single and exclusive amphiboles of nefelinic syenites. The chemistry of felsic rocks reflects the compositional range of correspondent residual liquids. Most of riebeckitic syenites presents (Zr/Nb)<10, (Y/Nb)<0.7 e (Th/Nb)<0.3, while hastingsitic ones and hedenbergitic granites reveal higher values of these ratios (15.0, 2.0 e 0.6, respectively). The highest contents of Zr (4800 ppm) are also observed on peralkaline terms, with minimum values measured on alkaline granites (135 ppm). Maximum contents of F (6100 ppm) and Cl (7233 ppm) have been determined on riebeckitic and nefelino-sodalitic syenites, respectively. Irregular crystallization of phases which consume high contents of REE (e.g. allanite), can disturbe the corrrespondent geochemical signatures, but it is still possible to identify, in most of the cases, distinctions between maximum values of (La/Sm)N , (La/Lu)N and (Gd/Lu)N of peralkaline rocks (29.6, 11.6, 2.4), hastingsitic syenites (14.8, 4.8, 2.0) and alkaline granites (4.0, 3.1, 1.7). Riebeckitic and nefelinic facies present, simultaniously, the sharpest negative anomalies of Ti and the less marked negative anomalies of Nb ((Nb/Nb*)N - mean: 0.9 and 0.7, respectively), which can be interpreted as a result of differentiation processses with small to moderate contributions of crustal contamination; comparatively, this anomaly is higher in hastingsitic (0.6) and granitic terms (0.4). Obtained in a small set of mafic and felsic samples, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data, show the vulnerability of the first system to post-magmatic processes. However, in general, they have allowed to advance significantly in the petrogenetic and geocronological fields. The Campo Maior Massif has produced a very good Sm-Nd isochrone (MSWD=0.55) setting an age of 376 ± 22 Ma (Middle Devonian), which fits well the compressive hercynian regime, with the promotion of significant crustal contamination of primary magmas generating MCM rocks (-6.1

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Magmatismo intrusivo, Alentejo NE, Portugal, Ciclo Varisco

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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