
handle: 10174/20848
A presente tese tem dois objectivos principais: caracterizar vários tipos de superfícies em termos das suas reflectâncias espectrais; e estimar os efeitos que as diferentes superficies têm sobre o balanço radiativo à superfície. Para atingir estes objectivos, foram feitas medições da superfície com um espectroradiómetro portátil e seguidamente foi utilizado um modelo de transferência radiativa, para calcular os fluxos radiativos sobre as superfícies estudadas, obtendo-se assim os balanços radiativos à superfície. Conclui-se que a vegetação (relva) apresenta um registo espectral único, podendo distinguir-se facilmente das restantes superfícies. A variação das reflectâncias espectrais da calçada, mosaico, mármore e solo, deve-se sobretudo às características e composição mineralógica das respectivas superfícies. Conclui-se também que as características da superfície, assim como a caracterização atmosférica influenciam bastante o balanço radiativo à superfície. No caso estudado, a vegetação (relva) é a superfície que apresenta um balanço radiativo à superfície maior, em comparação com as restantes superfícies analisadas. - ABSTRACT: The present thesis has two main objectives: to characterize several kinds of surfaces in terms of their spectral reflectances; and to estimate the effects of different surfaces over the surface radiative balance. To reach these goals, the surface spectral reflectance was measured with a portable spectroradiometer and subsequently, a radiative transfer model was used to determine the radiative fluxes over the studied surfaces, obtaining this way the surface radiative balances. It is concluded that vegetation (grass) presents a unique spectral signatura, easily distinguished from other surfaces. The spectral reflectance variation of pavement, tiles, marble and soil are mostly due to the respective surface characteristics and mineralogical composition. It is also concluded that the surface characteristics and the atmospheric characterization greatly influence the surface radiative balance. ln the present study, vegetation (grass) is the surface that presents the highest surface radiative balance, compared to the other analyzed surfaces.
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