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Produtos Naturais de Planta Medicinal Sarcocephalus Latifolius

Authors: Pereira, António Manuel Deométrio Rodrigues Lourenço;

Produtos Naturais de Planta Medicinal Sarcocephalus Latifolius

Abstract

RESUMO - Esta dissertação descreve o estudo fitoquímico da Rubiácea Sarcocephalus latifolius, originária da Guiné-Bissau. Após uma abordagem sobre os usos do S. latifolius na medicina tradicional, e da sua actividade biológica e farmacológica, é revista a fitoquímica do género Nauclea, com relevância nos seus constituintes alcalóides, referindo-se ainda a actividade de diversos produtos naturais isolados da Nauclea sps. Dos extractos etanólicos do S. latifolius foram isolados e identificados por métodos espectroscópicos, três novos alcalóides, a 19-O-etilangustolina, 21-O-metilestrictosamida e 21-O-etilestrictosamida, e ainda, a nauclefina, angustina, angustolina, angustiina, estrictosamida, naucleidinal, e 19-epi-naucleidinal. A configuração absoluta da angustolina e 19-O-etilangustolina, foi determinada por métodos de resolução óptica e dispersão óptica rotatória. Foram também isolados e caracterizados: − os triterpenos, p-sitosterol, glucósido do β-sitosterol, estigmast-4-en-3--ona, lupeol, ácido betulínico, 3-β-O-β-fucopiranósido do ácido quinóvico e 3-β-O-α-L-ramnopiranósido do ácido quinóvico; − as cumarinas, (R)-(-)-meleina e escopoletina; − e o 3,4-dimetoxibenzoato de metilo. A confirmação das estruturas do glucósido do p-sitosterol e da estigmast-4--en-3-ona, foi feita por correlação química com análogos hemissintéticos. A composição em ácidos gordos do extracto etanólico neutro dos troncos do S. latifolius foi determinada por GC-MS, tendo-se identificado os ácidos mirístico, pentadecanóico, palmítico, margárico, esteárico, palmitoleico, oleico e linoleico. Do mesmo extracto, foram ainda isolados e identificados por métodos de HPLC e RMN, o glicerol, D-eritritol, D-xilose, D-arabinose, D-fructose, D-glucose, e o 2-metoxi- α,β-fructofuranósido. A actividade antibiótica dos extractos das folhas, raízes e troncos, foi avaliada com as bactérias Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Staphhylococcus aureus, Streptococus _„_ pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, e com os fungos Candida albicans e Aspergillus niger. A actividade antitumoral foi testada no carcinoma escamoso, melanoma, carcinoma do pulmão e carcinoma da mama. A actividade antiplasmódica da estrictosamida foi determinada para o Plasmodium falciparum, enquanto que a actividade leishmanicida da estrictosamida e do glucósido do p-sitosteroi foi avaliada contra os parasitas Leishmania donovani, L. major, L. infantum, e L. enrietti. A toxicidade dos extractos etanólicos das folhas, da estrictosamida e do glucósido do p-sitosterol, foi avaliada em larvas do crustáceo Artemia salina. ABSTRACT This thesis describes the phytochemical study of the medicinal plant Sarcocephalus latifolius (Rubiceae), collected in Guinea-Bissau. Following an introduction on the use of S. latifolius in traditional medicine, its biological and pharmacological activity, the phytochemistry of Nauclea genus is reviewed, with particular emphasis to the alkaloid constituents. From the ethanolic extracts of S. latifolius, the new alkaloids 19-0-ethylangustoline, 21-O-methylstrictosamide and 21-O-ethylstrictosamide were isolated and identified, as well as the known Nauclea alkaloids nauclefine, angustine, angustoline, angustidine, strictosamide, naucleidinal, and 19-epi-naucleidinal. Extensive spectroscopic methods were used in structural elucidation, whereas the absolute configuration of angustoline and 19-O-ethylangustoline was assigned by Horeau's method using HPLC and optical rotatory dispersion. Other metabolites were isolated and characterized: − the triterpenes β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol glycoside, stigmast-4-en-3-one, lupeol, betulinic acid, quinovic acid 3-β-O-β-D-fucopyranoside and quinovic acid 3-β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside; − cumarines (R)-(-)-mellein and scopoletin; − and methyl 3,4-dimetoxybenzoate. β-Sitosterol glycoside and stigmast-4-en-3-one structures were confirmed by chemical correlation with hemisynthetic analogues. The fatty acid composition of neutral ethanolic extracts of S. latifolius stem bark, determined by GC-MS, led to the identification of myristic, pentadecanoic, paimitic, margaric, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acid. From the same extract, glycerol, D-erythritol, D-xylose, D-arabinose, D-fructose, D-glucose, and 2-metoxi-α,β-fructofuranoside, were isolated and identified by HPLC and NMR methods. Leaves, roots and stem bark extracts of S. latifolius, were screened for their antibiotic activity against bacteria Fscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Staphhylococcus aureus, Streptococus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis, and fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Antitumour activity was evaluated on squamous carcinoma, melanoma, lung carcinoma and mamma carcinoma. Antiplasmodial activity of strictosamide was tested on Plasmodium falciparum, whereas antileishmanial activity of strictosamide and p-sitosterol glycoside was assayed against Leishmania donovani, L. major, L. infantum, and L. enrietti. The toxicity of leaves ethanolic extracts, strictosamide and p-sitosterol glycoside, was monitored by the brine shrimp assay (Artemia salina).

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Produtos naturais da planta medicinal, Plantas medicinais, Sarcocephalus latifolius

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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