The article provides a brief overview of the history of concordats, and explores the teaching of Vatican Council II regarding Church-State relations. In light of a rhetorical discussion of whether or not Vatican Council II spelled the end of concordats as such, the author analyses the texts of recent concordats. Thereafter, the network of relations between Church and State are explored, setting out the advantages and disadvantages of each, and highlighting the model that affords the Catholic Church most sovereignty. Finally, the role of Episcopal Conferences in Church-State relations is ad- dressed, and the risk that national churches may re-emerge is pointed out.