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Intervención dietético-nutricional en la prevención de la deficiencia de hierro

Dietary-nutritional intervention in the prevention of iron deficiency
Authors: Martinez-Sanz, J.M. (J. M.); Gonzalez-Muniesa, P. (Pedro); Urdampilleta, A. (Aritz);

Intervención dietético-nutricional en la prevención de la deficiencia de hierro

Abstract

En este artículo se expone evidencia científica sobre la anemia ferropénica fundamentalmente desde aspectos dietético-nutricionales que inciden en la biodisponibilidad del hierro de los alimentos. La anemia constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, padeciéndolo aproximadamente 2000 millones de personas y afectando fundamentalmente a lactantes, ancianos, adolescentes, mujeres en edad fértil y embarazadas. Como consecuencia de esta enfermedad, la capacidad para realizar trabajo físico, la inmunidad celular y la capacidad bactericida de los neutrófilos se ven sensiblemente alteradas. Además, la anemia puede producir: mayor susceptibilidad a infecciones, especialmente, del tracto respiratorio, disminución de la termogénesis en ambientes fríos, alteraciones funcionales del tubo digestivo, fallo en la movilización de la vitamina A hepática, disminución de la velocidad de crecimiento, alteraciones en el desarrollo mental y motor, menor transferencia de hierro al feto, mayor riesgo de parto prematuro o morbilidad perinatal, entre otras. Dentro de los factores que interfieren en la absorción del hierro, los dietéticos son de gran relevancia. Las proteínas cárnicas, ácidos orgánicos, la vitamina C y la A y los fructooligosacáridos (FOS), favorecen su absorción mientras que ciertas proteínas del huevo y de la leche, polifenoles, fitatos, fibra insoluble y minerales como el fósforo, calcio o el zinc, afectan negativamente a la biodisponibilidad del hierro. Las diferentes técnicas culinarias también pueden aumentar o disminuir la biodisponibilidad del hierro. La información recopilada sobre los factores favorecedores e inhibidores de la absorción del hierro, se ha utilizado para, a modo de conclusión, marcar unas pautas dietético-nutricionales para las personas que padecen o tienen predisposición a padecer anemia.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ingesta de hierro, Hierro dietético, Iron bioavailability, Biodisponibilidad de hierro, Anemia, Ferropenia, Iron intake, Iron-deficiency, Dietary iron

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green