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Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y obesidad: una revisión sistemática

Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity—a systematic review
Authors: Marti, Amelia; Calvo, Carmen; Martínez, Ana;

Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y obesidad: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: cada vez son más numerosos los estudios que relacionan el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados con la prevalencia de la obesidad. Esta clase de alimentos se caracteriza porque aportan gran cantidad de azúcares libres y grasas saturadas, lo que contribuye a aumentar la ingesta energética. En las últimas décadas, el consumo de estos alimentos ha aumentado hasta el punto de convertirse en una importante fuente de energía diaria en algunas poblaciones. De esta manera se desplazan los alimentos ricos en fibra, hidratos de carbono complejos y grasas beneficiosas para la salud que pertenecen a los patrones de alimentación saludables. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue recopilar la información existente en la literatura sobre la relación entre alimentos ultraprocesados y obesidad. Material y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática en la base de datos PubMed. Se siguieron los criterios PRISMA para identificar los artículos publicados desde el año 2000 hasta abril de 2020 que cumplían los siguientes criterios: eran artículos originales (en inglés o español), realizados en sujetos humanos y excluyendo a mujeres embarazadas. La búsqueda se realizó utilizando los términos "Ultra-processed food and obesity" y "ultra-processed food and overweight", de manera que se incluyeron un total de 12 artículos: 7 estudios transversales, 3 estudios prospectivos de cohortes y 2 estudios ecológicos. Resultados: se encontró una asociación positiva entre el consumo de ultraprocesados y la obesidad en 9 de los 12 artículos incluidos en la revisión. Sin embargo, existen limitaciones con respecto a la heterogeneidad de las metodologías de los diversos estudios o la utilización de distintos sistemas de clasificación de alimentos en función del grado de procesamiento. Conclusión: es necesario realizar más estudios que permitan establecer con mayor evidencia la relación entre el consumo de ultraprocesados y la prevalencia e incidencia de la obesidad.

Abstract Background and objectives: a number of studies suggest a relationship between the intake of ultra-processed foods and the prevalence of obesity. Specifically, this type of food provides large amounts of free sugars and saturated fats, which contribute to a high energy intake. In the last few decades, consumption of these products has increased to the point of representing an important amount of calories in the daily diet of several populations. As a result, foods that are usually consumed in healthy eating patterns containing fiber, complex carbohydrates and fats are displaced. This systematic review aimed to compile the information in the literature, and to examine the scientific evidence about the relationship between ultra-processed food and obesity. Material and methods: a systematic review was performed of the PubMed database. PRISMA criteria were applied to identify those papers published from 2000 to April 2020 that met the following criteria: original articles (in English or Spanish), dealing with research in human subjects, with exclusion of pregnant women. The search was performed using the terms "ultra-processed food and obesity" and "ultra-processed food and overweight", which resulted in a total of 12 references: 7 cross-sectional studies, 3 prospective cohort studies, and 2 ecological studies. Results: a positive association was found between ultra-processed food consumption and obesity in 9 of the 12 papers included in the review. However, limitations exist regarding the heterogeneity of methodologies or use of different food classification systems according to processing degree. Conclusion: further studies are needed to establish the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and the prevalence and incidence of obesity.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Sobrepeso, Obesidad, Obesity, Alimentos ultraprocesados, Overweight, Ultra-processed food

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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