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Autonomia e autoridade em contexto escolar

Authors: Graça, João Daniel de Sousa;

Autonomia e autoridade em contexto escolar

Abstract

A acção educativa, enquanto processo de transmissão de conhecimento, baseia-se fundamentalmente em mecanismos de influência social. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho pretende contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos factores que influenciam estes mecanismos, mais concretamente ao nível da legitimação dos professores enquanto figuras investidas de autoridade. Para cumprir este propósito, procedeu-se à operacionalização das variáveis Autonomia, Suporte da autonomia e Legitimidade percebida através do recurso a três questionários, aplicados a uma amostra de estudantes do ensino secundário (N=171). Os resultados obtidos indicam, em primeiro lugar, que a legitimidade que os adolescentes reconhecem aos seus professores varia em função da sua percepção de suporte da autonomia (i.e., do nível em que estes consideram os seus interesses, fornecem opções e minimizam o recurso a estratégias de coerção). Além disso, sugerem ainda que indivíduos com elevados níveis de autonomia, quando inseridos em contextos que entendem como controladores, reconhecem menor legitimidade às figuras de autoridade responsáveis por esse mesmo controlo, em comparação com indivíduos com baixos níveis de autonomia. Por outro lado, um elevado nível de percepção de suporte da autonomia anula a diferença verificada entre os dois grupos. As evidências encontradas acentuam, assim, a importância das componentes relacionais para a legitimação das figuras de autoridade, e sugerem ainda que os jovens mais autónomos vêem os contextos controladores como uma ameaça à sua autonomia, regulando esta ameaça através da rejeição da legitimidade da autoridade responsável por esse controlo.

The educational activity, as a knowledge transmission process, is essentially based on mechanisms of social influence. In this context, the present work is set to contribute for the attainment of a better understanding of the factors that influence these mechanisms, specifically regarding to the legitimacy of teachers as entities vested by authority. To accomplish this goal, a sample of adolescent students attending a public school (N=171) completed three questionnaires that intended to measure the variables Autonomy, Autonomy support, and Perceived legitimacy. The first finding was that the legitimacy that students’ acknowledge to their teachers is influenced by the degree in which they perceive their teachers’ conduct in terms of autonomy support (that is, the extent in which they consider their needs, provide options and minimize the use of coercion strategies). In addition, results also suggested that individuals with high levels of autonomy, when in contexts that they perceive as highly coercive, perceive the authority entities has being less legitimate, when compared to individuals with low levels of autonomy. On the other hand, high levels of autonomy support neutralize the difference observed within the two groups. These findings emphasize the importance of relational elements to the legitimacy of individuals in positions of authority, and suggest that highly autonomous adolescents perceive coercive environments as a threat to their autonomy, reacting to this threat by denying the legitimacy of the authority responsible by that control.

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Portugal
Keywords

Authority, Legitimidade percebida, Perceived legitimacy, 3560, 3020, 3500 Educational and school psychology, Autoridade, Autonomia, Autoridade -- Authority, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Psicologia, Suporte da autonomia, Autonomy, Autonomy support, 3000 Social psychology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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