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Impacto das taxas de juro nos empréstimos bancários

Authors: Xarepe, Carlota Bravo;

Impacto das taxas de juro nos empréstimos bancários

Abstract

O grande objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar o impacto das taxas de juro na concessão de empréstimos bancários, investigando a relação entre as taxas Euribor, variáveis macroeconómicas e montantes de crédito concedidos a empresas e particulares na Zona Euro entre 2014 e 2023. O estudo aborda as interações entre política monetária, condições económicas e dinâmicas do mercado de crédito, aplicando modelos econométricos como VAR e ARIMAX para avaliar as relações identificadas. As taxas Euribor refletem diretamente as políticas monetárias do Banco Central Europeu (BCE). Entre 2014 e 2021, as políticas monetárias expansionistas do BCE mantiveram as taxas Euribor em patamares reduzidos, facilitando o acesso ao crédito. Contudo, a partir de 2021, as pressões inflacionistas levaram a um aumento das taxas Euribor, especialmente na maturidade de 12 meses, mais sensível às expectativas inflacionistas e ao risco. Os resultados revelam dinâmicas distintas entre empréstimos a particulares e empresas. Enquanto o crédito habitacional demonstrou maior estabilidade, os empréstimos empresariais apresentaram maior volatilidade, dependentes das condições económicas e das políticas de crédito. Além disso, constatou-se que fatores como spreads bancários, regulamentações financeiras e confiança dos agentes económicos medem a relação entre a Euribor e os montantes de crédito. Este estudo contribui para a literatura ao destacar a Euribor como canal essencial de transmissão da política monetária, evidenciando a complexidade das interações entre taxas de juro, variáveis macroeconómicas e concessão de crédito.

The main objective of this work is to analyse the impact of interest rates on bank credit, investigating the relationship between Euribor rates, acroeconomic variables, and the amount of credit granted to companies and individuals in the Eurozone between 2014 and 2023. The study addresses the interactions between monetary policy, economic conditions, and credit market dynamics, applying econometric models such as VAR and ARIMAX to assess the relationships identified. Euribor rates directly reflect the monetary policies of the European Central Bank (ECB). Between 2014 and 2021, the ECB's expansionary monetary policies kept Euribor rates at low levels, facilitating access to credit. However, from 2021 onwards, inflationary pressures led to an increase in Euribor rates, especially in the 12-month maturity, which is more sensitive to inflationary expectations and risk. The results reveal different dynamics between loans to individuals and companies. While home loans were more stable, business loans were more volatile, depending on economic conditions and credit policies. In addition, factors such as bank spreads, financial regulation, and the confidence of economic agents were found to mediate the relationship between Euribor and credit amounts. This study contributes to the literature by emphasizing Euribor as a key channel for monetary policy transmission and highlighting its importance in the monetary policy process.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Interest rates, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Naturais::Matemáticas, Lending, Euribor, Variáveis macroeconómicas, Política monetária -- Monetary policy, Taxas de juro, Concessão de crédito, Macroeconomic variables

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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