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Portfolio risk management through value-at-risk (VaR) measurement

Authors: Fialho, Margarida Silva;

Portfolio risk management through value-at-risk (VaR) measurement

Abstract

O Value-at-risk (VaR) é a métrica padrão utilizada no sector financeiro para medir o risco, estimando a perda máxima esperada decorrente das flutuações do mercado, ao longo de um determinado horizonte temporal e para um dado nível de significância. O VaR serve para avaliar o capital em risco associado às atividades de investimento, estando associado ao conceito de Capital Económico (EC). Ao definir um valor máximo para o EC, os decisores podem impor limites de risco que estejam em conformidade com os seus objetivos estratégicos. Neste estudo, o VaR de uma carteira diversificada — composta por ações de Hong Kong, Japão, Europa e EUA, bem como por obrigações da Europa e dos EUA — é medido e gerido de forma a garantir que permanece dentro do EC definido. Dada a diversidade de modelos existentes para o cálculo do VaR, são avaliados, através de backtesting, dezanove modelos distintos, com o objetivo de determinar o seu desempenho e selecionar o mais adequado com base nas suas características. Com base no modelo com melhor desempenho, o VaR da carteira é calculado diariamente, sendo o risco gerido através de uma estratégia de cobertura da exposição de ações ao longo do período de um ano. A eficácia desta estratégia é avaliada utilizando a métrica RORAC (rendibilidade do capital ajustada ao risco). Os resultados demonstram que, apesar de a estratégia de hedging ter conseguido limitar o VaR da carteira, a diminuição da rendibilidade foi superior à redução do risco, resultando numa rendibilidade inferior face à carteira que não sofreu hedging.

The industry-standard metric for risk measurement in the financial industry is the Value-at-Risk (VaR), which estimates the maximum expected loss due to market fluctuations over a specified future time horizon, at a given significance level. VaR is used to gauge the capital at risk from investment activities, which aligns with the concept of Economic Capital (EC). By establishing a pre-defined maximum value for the EC, decision-makers can set risk limits that align with their strategic objectives. In this study, the VaR of a diversified portfolio – consisting of equities from Hong Kong, Japan, Europe, and the U.S., as well as bonds from Europe and U.S. markets - is measured and managed to ensure it remains within the target EC. Given the range of models available for calculating VaR, nineteen different models are evaluated through backtesting to determine their performance, selecting the most suitable one based on model characteristics. Using the best-performing model, VaR of the portfolio is calculated daily, and risk is managed through an equity exposure hedging strategy over a one-year period. The effectiveness of this strategy is measured using the Return on risk-Adjusted Capital (RORAC) metric. The results indicate that while the hedging strategy successfully limited the portfolio’s VaR, the reduction in return outweighed the reduction in risk, leading to lower profitability compared to the unhedged portfolio.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão, Capital económico -- Economic capital, Value-at-risk (VaR), Backtesting

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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