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Modelos preditivos de insolvências e falências em empresas Portuguesas: O impacto de indicadores financeiros e não financeiros

Authors: Ildefonso, Mariana Viegas da Silva;

Modelos preditivos de insolvências e falências em empresas Portuguesas: O impacto de indicadores financeiros e não financeiros

Abstract

Em Portugal, desde a crise financeira de 2008, o número de empresas que entram em insolvência/falência é bastante elevado e preocupante pelos impactos que causam na economia e na sociedade. Apesar de já existirem diversos modelos preditivos das insolvências e falências, cujos preditores são, essencialmente, indicadores financeiros, a previsão de insolvências e falências ainda é crítica nos dias de hoje, pelo que é importante continuar a investigar e a criar modelos com maior precisão que os anteriores. Deste modo, o presente estudo avalia o impacto de indicadores financeiros e não financeiros na predição das insolvências e falências. Para tal, recorre-se a técnicas preditivas de análise de dados mais avançadas, nomeadamente árvores de decisão com os algoritmos CART, CHAID e C5.0, de forma a analisar o impacto dos indicadores entre os anos de 2013 e 2022, de uma amostra de 707.291 empresas, 642.983 ativas e 64.308 insolventes/falidas. Os resultados obtidos permitem identificar uma relação entre os indicadores financeiros e a insolvência/falência das empresas, prevendo-se uma percentagem de empresas corretamente classificadas de 82%. O principal contributo desta investigação é gerar conhecimento sobre a inviabilidade das empresas através dos indicadores financeiros e não financeiros, recorrendo-se a técnicas nunca utilizadas em modelos preditivos aplicados a Portugal.

In Portugal, since the financial crisis of 2008, the number of companies entering insolvency/bankruptcy is very high and worrying due to the impact they have on the economy and society. Although there are already several predictive models for insolvencies and bankruptcies, whose predictors are essentially financial indicators, the prediction of insolvencies and bankruptcies is still critical today, so it is important to continue researching and creating models with greater precision than the previous ones. Therefore, this study assesses the impact of financial and non-financial indicators in predicting insolvencies and bankruptcies. To this end, more advanced data analysis techniques were used, namely decision trees with the CART, CHAID and C5.0 algorithms, in order to analyze the impact of the indicators between 2013 and 2022, from a sample of 707,291 companies, 642,983 active and 64,308 insolvent/bankrupt. The results obtained show a relationship between financial indicators and company insolvency/bankruptcy, with a predicted percentage of correctly classified examples of 82%. The main contribution of this research is to generate knowledge about the viability of companies through financial and non-financial indicators, using techniques never used before in predictive models applied to Portugal.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Bankruptcy, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão, M41, Insolvência -- Insolvency, M Business administration and business economics - Marketing - Accounting - Personnel economics, M10, Árvore de decisão -- Decision tree, Prediction, Previsão, Falência

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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