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Reações a medidas de ação positiva: o género e o mérito em empresas abrangidas pela lei n.º 62/2017

Authors: Silva, Virgínia Maria Correia da;

Reações a medidas de ação positiva: o género e o mérito em empresas abrangidas pela lei n.º 62/2017

Abstract

A igualdade de género é um tema muito debatido na atualidade. Em 2018, entrou em vigor a Lei n.º 62/2017, cujo objetivo é equilibrar a representação feminina e masculina nos cargos de administração e fiscalização das empresas cotadas em bolsa e do setor público. As reações das pessoas face a medidas semelhantes têm sido muito controversas. No seguimento de uma investigação realizada por Santos (2004), centrada no contexto da política, realizaram-se dois estudos com o objetivo de compreender as atitudes face à justiça da Lei n.º 62/2017 e o papel do mérito nestas reações. O Estudo 1 foi constituído por 104 participantes (83 mulheres e 19 homens; Midade = 29,82) e recorreu-se à técnica da associação livre de palavras e, para analisar os dados, à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que as competências necessárias para se desempenhar um cargo de gestão espelharam traços de personalidade, sobretudo, associados aos significados do masculino (Amâncio, 1994), porém, não há um consenso. O Estudo 2, quasi-experimental, contou com 223 participantes (129 mulheres e 94 homens; Midade= 27,20) e os resultados demonstraram que o tipo de medida de ação positiva teve influência nas atitudes face à justiça da Lei e que o mérito desempenhou um papel central nestas atitudes. Esta investigação permitiu sugerir que o mérito é normativo, genderizado e fundamental na avaliação da justiça da Lei n.º 62/2017. Contudo, torna-se difícil avaliar o mérito de uma pessoa de forma objetiva, uma vez que este parece estar associado a traços de personalidade.

Gender equality is a highly debated topic. In 2018, Law no. 62/2017 came into force to balance female and male representation in management and supervision positions of listed companies and the public sector. Peoples’ reactions to similar measures have been controversial. Following a research carried out by Santos (2004), in the context of politics, two studies were conducted to better examine the attitudes towards the justice of Law number 62/2017 and the role of merit in these attitudes. The sample of Study 1 included 104 participants (83 women and 19 men; Mage = 29.82) and the use of a free association technique. Data were content-analysed, with results showing that the necessary skills to perform a management position were personality traits, particularly associated with the meanings of masculine (Amâncio, 1994), without consensus. Study 2, quasi-experimental, had 223 participants (129 women and 94 men; Mage = 27.20) and results showed that the type of affirmative action program influenced attitudes towards Law justice and that merit played a central role in these attitudes. In conclusion, merit seems to be normative, gendered and fundamental in evaluating the justice of Law number 62/2017. Nonetheless, it is difficult to evaluate a person's merit objectively once it seems to be associated with personality traits.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

2970, 3640, Meritocracy, :Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Law number 62/2017, Affirmative action programs, Gender equality, 2900 Social processes and social issues, Lei n.º 62/2017, Igualdade de género, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Psicologia, 3600 Industrial and organizational psychology, Meritocracia, Medidas de ação positiva

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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