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O cuidador informal: estratégias vividas pelo cuidador informal da pessoa idosa dependente

Authors: Nicolau, Ana Patrícia Duarte;

O cuidador informal: estratégias vividas pelo cuidador informal da pessoa idosa dependente

Abstract

O envelhecimento é um processo natural, mas que pode repercutir-se em dependência a nível físico, psicológico, económico e/ou social. O cuidador informal surge quando a pessoa idosa necessita de apoio e de assistência nas atividades quotidianas, no entanto, os cuidadores enfrentam um conjunto de desafios constantes, que poderão ser no âmbito social, familiar, psicológico, financeiro, físico, relacionados com o estado de saúde da pessoa idosa, insuficiências das respostas e/ou duração do cuidado informal. Posto isto, a presente investigação tem por objetivo identificar as estratégias adquiridas pelos cuidadores informais referente aos momentos de dificuldade que surgiram durante o cuidado informal à pessoa idosa dependente. Por outro lado, propôs-se definir linhas orientadoras de intervenção para o Serviço Social. Para o efeito, o estudo suportou-se numa metodologia qualitativa, ao qual, foi utilizado como técnicas de recolha de dados, duas entrevistas exploratórias como recurso adicional da pesquisa principal, oito entrevistas semiestruturadas a cuidadores informais residentes do concelho de Torres Vedras e o recurso à análise documental. No que respeita à análise e tratamentos de dados, foi efetuada a análise de conteúdo, com o apoio do "software" MAXQDA. Através dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que o cuidador informal enfrenta maioritariamente fatores de stress físicos, sociais e a "insuficiência das respostas", adotando predominantemente "estratégias de coping centradas no meio". Neste âmbito, o assistente social poderá atuar na mobilização de recursos e apoios destinados à pessoa idosa dependente e/ou ao cuidador informal, através do apoio, acompanhamento, orientação ao cuidador/ família ou como administrador de serviços.

Aging is a natural process, but which can have repercussions such as psychological, physical, economic and/or social dependence. The informal caregiver arises when the elderly person needs support or assistance in daily activities. However, the caregivers face a set of constant challenges which may be under social, psychological, financial, family and physical scopes, as well as related to the state of health of the elderly person, shortcomings of responses and/or duration of informal care. That said, the present investigation aims to identify strategies used by informal caregivers associated with the difficult moments which arose during caregiving to a dependent elderly person. On the other hand, it was proposed that the intervention guidelines for Social Services be defined as well. For this purpose, the present study was based on a qualitative methodology and, to do so, two exploratory interviews as additional resources to the main research, eight half-structured interviews to informal caregivers who live in Torres Vedras county, and, finally, documental analyses were used as data collection techniques. In regards to the analyses and data processing, the content analyses was carried out with the support of MAXQDA software. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the informal caregiver mostly faces physical and social stress factors and insufficiency of response/supports, adopting predominantly coping strategies centered on the social environment. In this context, the social worker may act to mobilize resources and support for the dependent elderly person and / or the informal caregiver, through support, follow-up, guidance to the caregiver / family or as a service administrator.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Informal caregiver, Social work, :Ciências Sociais::Sociologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Portugal, Cuidado familiar, Estratégias, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Sociologia, Serviço social, Stress, Assistente social, Stress factors, Pessoa idosa, Caregiving strategies

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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