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Do Kamo, ser-no-mundo e a universalização da concepção individualista de pessoa: um olhar crítico sobre a idealização da Universalidade dos Direitos Humanos e a sua relação com a Antropologia

Authors: Lopes, Inês Magalhães;

Do Kamo, ser-no-mundo e a universalização da concepção individualista de pessoa: um olhar crítico sobre a idealização da Universalidade dos Direitos Humanos e a sua relação com a Antropologia

Abstract

Assumindo-se um olhar crítico sobre a questão da idealização da universalidade dos direitos humanos e, subsequentemente da concepção individualista de pessoa, procura-se essencialmente constituir um argumento em defesa dessa idealização. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento detalhado de outras formas de conceptualizar a pessoa - conforme o trabalho antropológico torna acessível - é apresentado como um elemento determinante para se pensar essa questão. Coloca-se em foco o exemplo particular da descrição da realidade Canaque conforme as palavras de Maurice Leenhardt, sendo apresentada a hipótese de a forma particular desta sociedade conceptualizar a pessoa poder ser o fundamento do seu quotidiano pautado pela recorrência de atos de violência. Num esforço em tornar esta concepção mais próxima do contexto de discussão dos direitos humanos, é apresentada nos seus pontos de semelhança com a concepção fenomenológica da mesma. Coloca-se então em questão a viabilidade da leitura fenomenológica da vida humana face à individualista na evidência desta aproximação e, posteriormente, abre-se caminho para se refletir como – tendo este exemplo do caso dos Canaque por referência - o relativismo cultural, enquanto perspetiva crítica de maior relevância na antropologia sobre a viabilidade da noção de universalização dos direitos humanos, se poderá tornar antagónica a princípios fundamentais da própria disciplina.

In a critical perspective on the question of the idealization of the universality of human rights and, therefore, the individualist conception of the person, an argument in defense of such idealization is sought. For that purpose, the detailed knowledge of other ways of conceptualizing the person - as the work of anthropology makes accessible - is presented as a determinative element for thinking such a question. It is the example of the Canaque reality which is placed in focus – as it was described by Maurice Leenhardt -, with the purpose of suggesting the hypothesis of the particular way in which this society conceptualizes the person being the basis for reoccurring acts of violence in their daily life. In the effort of bringing this conception closer to the context of the discussion of human rights, it is presented as possessing some possible similarities with the phenomenological conception of the person. The viability of the phenomenological interpretation of human life in comparison to the individualist one is then brought to question and, afterwards, the path to thinking cultural relativism - the most relevant and predominant critical stance on the universalization of human rights offered by anthropology - as possibly contrary to vital principles of the discipline becomes clearer.

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Portugal
Keywords

Cultural relativism, Cultura, :Ciências Sociais::Sociologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Fenomenologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Sociologia, Human rights, Phenomenology, Notion of person, Antropologia, Desenvolvimento pessoal, Relativismo, Direitos humanos

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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