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Mulheres de Bacalhoeiros: Sazonalidade e Género (1950 – 1974)

Authors: Costa, Nuno Miguel Patacão Loureiro da;

Mulheres de Bacalhoeiros: Sazonalidade e Género (1950 – 1974)

Abstract

Assumindo a pesca bacalhoeira um papel de destaque nas políticas económicas do Estado Novo, ao considerá-la como “indústria nacional”, o regime salazarista implementou medidas que impulsionaram a produção nacional neste sector, tentando fazer frente aos elevados números das importações de bacalhau. O aumento da produção nacional necessitava automaticamente de mais mão-de-obra. No Concelho de Ílhavo essa necessidade fez-se sentir, uma vez que esta actividade se tornou numa das que mais população activa abrangia. O peso da pesca do bacalhau em Ílhavo é significativo, assim como é significativa a preponderância dos ilhavenses nesta actividade, quer em número, quer na ocupação de cargos de chefia. As longas viagens desta pesca privavam os homens da companhia das suas famílias. Consciente deste facto o Estado Novo proporciona-lhes uma acção social abrangente e com alicerces diversificados, para o pescador e para a sua família, de modo a minimizar os danos sociais, morais e familiares que as ausências prolongadas podiam causar. A doutrina do Estado Novo assentava em fortes valores morais e de família, para os quais a mulher desempenhava especial importância, sendo-lhe reservado o papel de garante do bem-estar familiar e da elevação moral dos seus. As especificidades da pesca do bacalhau, com grupos socioprofissionais bastante hierarquizados, prolongadas ausências masculinas e entradas sazonais de dinheiro, acentuavam ainda mais a centralidade da mulher nos domínios da família e do lar. Percebemos então que as características do sector e as ideologias vigentes à época influenciam fortemente as memórias femininas sobre os seus quotidianos.

The cod fishing industry assumed a relevant position in the economic policies of the “Estado Novo”, who designated it as a “national industry”. Salazar’s régime tried to counterbalance the high import rate of cod by promoting the national production in this economic sector. The increase of national production immediately called for more manpower. That need was particularly felt in the Ílhavo region, where the activity was involving a large part of the population and represented a significant part of the local economy. On the other hand, the Ílhavo population retained a large part of the jobs of this national activity, including administrative positions. The long fishing campaigns deprived men from the company of their families. Conscious of the fact, the “Estado Novo” implemented a broad social security system based on diversified grounds for fishermen and their families, minimizing the family, social and moral damages derived from the long absences. The ideology of the “Estado Novo” was based on solid moral and family values, where the woman had the particularly relevant role of warranting the family’s well-being and moral sustenance. The specificities of cod fishing industry, with its very hierarchical socio-professional groups, men’s prolonged absences, and seasonal earning incomes, were enhancing the central role of women in the family and at home. We recognize that the industry’s characteristics and the ideologies of that time strongly influence women’s memories of their daily lives.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Mulheres, Ílhavo, Domínio/Área Científica::Humanidades::Outras Humanidades, Pesca do Bacalhau, Mulher, Estado Novo, Women, Cod fishing industry, Pesca do bacalhau -- Cod fishing

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citations
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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