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A contabilidade pública e a contabilidade nacional: Principais divergências e implicações no défice público em Portugal

Authors: Jesus, Maria Antónia Jorge de;

A contabilidade pública e a contabilidade nacional: Principais divergências e implicações no défice público em Portugal

Abstract

Nesta tese são identificadas as principais diferenças entre a Contabilidade Pública (CP – perspectiva micro económica) e a Contabilidade Nacional (CN – perspectiva macroeconómica), com enfoque em Portugal, tendo sido analisados empiricamente os principais ajustamentos na transposição dos dados do sector das Administrações Públicas (APUS) das Contas Públicas para as Contas Nacionais. É, também, avaliado o impacto das diferenças contabilísticas no cálculo do défice público, um dos rácios que permite aferir o cumprimento dos critérios de Maastricht, os quais têm como suporte dados provenientes da Contabilidade Pública. Do ponto de vista teórico, foram assinaladas as seguintes áreas onde as diferenças entre os dois sistemas se fazem sentir: diferenças associadas à definição da entidade informativa e do âmbito do sector das APUS, à preparação e relato de demonstrações financeiras consolidadas, aos critérios de reconhecimento e valorimetria e às relações entre as entidades daquele sector e as empresas públicas. O estudo empírico, tendo como principal suporte entrevistas realizadas junto dos responsáveis pela preparação das Contas Nacionais do INE e da DGO, permitiu concluir que o sistema de Contabilidade Pública em Portugal não satisfaz inteiramente os requisitos do SEC95, apesar das reformas em curso terem representado uma aproximação entre os dois sistemas. Foram avaliadas as principais diferenças contabilísticas, bem como os consequentes ajustamentos de transposição, tendo-se concluído que o seu impacto no défice público notificado por Portugal no contexto do PDE, entre 2004 e 2007 é, quantitativamente significativo, principalmente os ajustamentos de base contabilística. A diversidade e magnitude dos ajustamentos põem em causa a qualidade dos dados notificados, justificando a necessidade de alinhamento entre os dois sistemas, nomeadamente quanto aos critérios de reconhecimento.

This thesis identifies the main differences between Governmental Accounting (GA – microeconomic perspective) and National Accounting (NA – macroeconomic perspective), focalised in Portugal and analysing as an empiric study, the main adjustments to be made to the General Government Sector (GGS) data when converting from Governmental Accounts to National Accounts. It is also assessed the impact of the accounting differences on the public deficit, as one of the macroeconomic aggregates that Portugal must report as a member-State of the European Union, obliged to accomplish the convergence criteria of the Maastricht Treaty, based on GA data sources. From the conceptual point of view, we have identified the main differences between the two accounting systems (GA and NA) as: differences related to the scope of the reporting entity, the preparation of consolidated financial statements, the recognition (cash basis versus accrual basis) and measurement (historical cost versus market prices) criteria and the relationship between GGS and government business enterprises. The empiric study, based on interviews to people from INE and DGO, responsible for the National Accounts preparation, and on several documental sources, allows us to conclude that the GA system in Portugal does not meet all ESA95 requirements, in spite of the reform process reform still in implementation, representing some convergence between both systems. The impact of the accounting differences and consequent adjustments on the Portuguese EDP notifications, from 2004 to 2007, is relevant and large, mainly concerning the accounting basis adjustments. The diversity and magnitude of the adjustments make the quality of the EDP notifications questionable, justifying the need for an alignment between the two systems, namely in what concerns the recognition criteria.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

M40, Contabilidade nacional -- National accounting, M Business administration and business economics - Marketing - Accounting - Personnel economics, E Macroeconomics and monetary economics, Contabilidade pública -- Public accounting, Critérios de convergência, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão, E60, Public deficit and debt, H Public economics, Administração pública -- Public administration, Défice orçamental público, Convergence criteria, H60

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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