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Credit valuation adjustment

Authors: Sousa, Bruno Filipe Soares dos Santos;

Credit valuation adjustment

Abstract

O objetivo desta dissertação é proporcionar uma visão mais abrangente da técnica de Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA). A visão que se pretende transmitir vai desde a origem do tema às diferentes abordagens para a implementação do ajustamento, passando obrigatoriamente pela temática das diferentes regulamentações produzidas pelos organismos reguladores europeus. Depois de explicados alguns conceitos chave sobre o tema em apreço, o foco da dissertação será sobre os aspetos de pricing do CVA. O CVA e Debt Valuation Adjustment (DVA) unilateral são obtidos no caso em que é assumida que uma das partes envolvida numa transação pode entrar em default, e o CVA bilateral é adotado quando ambas as partes envolvidas na transação assumem que podem entrar em default. Neste contexto, aspetos de cobertura vão ser examinados e o risk-neutral pricing do CVA irá ser analisado. Esta dissertação analisa em detalhe dois métodos de apuramento de CVA - standard e semi-analítico (swaption approach). As diferenças de apuramento dos dois métodos vão ser explicadas e analisadas matematicamente. Esta comparação é suportada por simulações a uma operação de um contrato de swap de taxa de juro. A segunda parte desta dissertação visa explicar a relação entre a perspetiva de CVA regulatório, i.e. a necessidade de apuramento de CVA para requisitos de capital introduzida pelo acordo de Basileia, o CVA numa perspetiva contabilística, i.e. requisitado pela IFRS, e o CVA numa perspetiva de mercado, i.e. como um ativo que pode ser transacionado.

This thesis is intended to give an overview of Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) techniques and adjacent concepts. Firstly, the historical events that preceded the initiative to reform the Basel regulations and to introduce CVA are summarized. After some conceptual background material, a journey is taken through the pricing aspects of CVA. The unilateral CVA and Debt Valuation Adjustment (DVA) are derived in the case where one party engaging in a transaction is assumed to be defaultable, while bilateral CVA is derived in the case where both parties in a transaction are assumed to be defaultable. In this context, hedging aspects are also examined and risk-neutral pricing of CVA is discussed. There are several methods for pricing the CVA which will be explained in detail, and potential challenges with the methods will be also addressed. The document analyses in greater depth two of the methods: advanced and semi-analytical (swaption approach). The differences between these two methods are explained mathematically and analyzed. This comparison is supported by simulations of portfolios containing interest rate swaps contracts. In the second part the thesis, the relation between CVA from a regulatory perspective, i.e. driven by the CVA capital charge introduced in the third Basel accord, CVA from an accounting perspective, i.e. driven by IFRS, and CVA from a market perspective, i.e. as a potentially tradable asset, is discussed.

Keywords

Interest Rate Swap Price, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão, Taxa de juro, Swaption Approach, Finanças, Credit Valuation Adjustment, Risco de crédito, :Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão [Domínio/Área Científica], Counterparty Credit Risk, Crédito, Avaliação

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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