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Diversidade e desempenho nas equipas de trabalho: o papel das normas

Authors: Coelho, Filomena;

Diversidade e desempenho nas equipas de trabalho: o papel das normas

Abstract

Os modelos explicativos e descritivos da eficácia das equipas de trabalho, resultantes de estudos realizados, revelam a importância desta temática nas últimas décadas. Nestes estudos as normas de grupo e a sua relação com o desempenho têm sido apenas investigadas em Laboratório. A presente investigação pretende estudar em contexto real a importância da influência das normas de equipa no desempenho das equipas. O principal objectivo consistiu em estudar a influência directa das normas de desempenho nos grupos tal como é sugerido nos modelos de eficácia sobre grupos de trabalho, propostos por Gladstein (1984) e Hackman (1987). Procuramos verificar em que medida as normas são moderadoras da relação entre variáveis de composição e desempenho. De acordo com estes objectivos foi construído e aplicado um questionário estruturado, a 290 sujeitos distribuídos por 47 equipas de um Laboratório de Química e Biologia. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que quanto maior a norma de desempenho maiores os desempenhos objectivo e percepcionado. O desempenho objectivo é maior quanto maior a norma e as diversidades sexo, idade e função, no entanto, quanto maior o tempo de investigação, menor o desempenho objectivo, ou seja, o tempo de investigação tem uma associação negativa com o desempenho objectivo. Por último verificou-se que a diversidade sexo aumenta a percepção de iniciativa apenas quando a norma de desempenho é baixa. Quando a norma de desempenho é elevada, a diversidade sexo diminui a percepção de iniciativa. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a necessidade de mais investigações sobre esta temática.

The descriptive and explanatory models of effectiveness working teams, as a result of analysis already carried out, point out the importance of this theme in the last decades. In these studies, the norms of group and their relation with the performance have been investigated only in Laboratory. The present research attempts to study, in real life, the importance of team norms influence in their performance. The main objective consisted in studying the direct influence of performance norms in groups as is suggested in models of work effectiveness in groups, proposed by Gladstein (1984) and Hackman (1987). We intend to verify in what measure the norms moderate the relation between variables of composition and performance. According to these objectives, a structured questionnaire was designed and applied to 290 subjects distributed by 47 teams of a Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology. The results of this study suggest that as the norm performance grows, so does the objective and perceptioned performances. The objective performance is higher as higher the norm and diversities of sex, age and function, however, as laboratory investigation time progresses, the objective performance decreases, meaning that there is a negative relation between project duration and objective performance. Also, it was verified that the sex diversity increases the perception of initiative only when the performance norm is low. When the performance norm is high, the sex diversity decreases the perception of initiative. The results obtained suggest the need of more research about this thematic

Classificações da Associação Americana de Psicologia: 3600 Industrial & Organizational Psychology – 3660 Organizational Behavior

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Diversity, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais, Formação de normas, Normalização, Equipas de trabalho, Norm formation, Eficácia organizacional, Comportamento organizacional, Effectiveness norms, Diversidade, Normas de desempenho, Work teams, Equipa de trabalho, Psicologia organizacional, Desempenho organizacional

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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