The authors report a case of the uncommon and still discussed "coeliac artery compression syndrome". On the basis of the literature's review and of their own observation they conclude that Dunbar's Syndrome is a real clinical entity. The section of the arcuate ligament and the subadventitial removal of the pericoeliac tissue, or, whenever indicated, an aorto-coeliac by-pass, seems to be the "gold standard" in the surgical treatment.