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Reconstrucción de la vegetación en África Oriental durante el Plio-Pleistoceno a través del estudio de fitolitos: La Garganta de Olduvai (Tanzania)

Authors: Albert Cristóbal, Rosa Maria;

Reconstrucción de la vegetación en África Oriental durante el Plio-Pleistoceno a través del estudio de fitolitos: La Garganta de Olduvai (Tanzania)

Abstract

Los fitolitos han sido ampliamente documentados en los sedimentos paleoantropológicos de la Garganta de Olduvai en Tanzania. La investigación que se está llevando a cabo actualmente en la zona por parte de OLAPP (Olduvai Landscape Palaeoanthropology Project), se ha centrado casi exclusivamente en la reconstrucción del paleopaisaje y del paleoambiente durante el Plio-Pleistoceno. La reconstrucción de la vegetación a través de los estudios de fitolitos se basa en la relación existente entre la abundancia y morfología de fitolitos en plantas actuales de la zona y los fitolitos extraídos de los mismos suelos modernos donde crecen estas plantas, y su comparación posterior con niveles paleoantropológicos, dentro de un detallado marco espacio-temporal (deposición de la parte inferior del Lecho II en el margen Este del antiguo paleolago). Las muestras fueron recogidas tanto de la misma Garganta de Olduvai como de ecosistemas análogos a los que, según se cree, existían en la zona hace un millón y medio de años. Los resultados fueron posteriormente comparados con los obtenidos del estudio de macroplantas fosilizadas recuperadas de las mismas zonas. A pesar de la pérdida de morfotipos de fitolitos debido a procesos posdeposicionales, tanto en suelos modernos como fósiles, en estos últimos se identificaron, en varias de las muestras, fitolitos en cantidad suficiente para mostrar una vegetación diversificada y cambiante a lo largo de relativamente cortos períodos de tiempo. En el trabajo realizado también se propone un modelo posdeposicional donde la vegetación es interpretada teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos.

Phytoliths have been widely recognized in the fossil record of the palaeoanthropological site of Olduvai Gorge, northern Tanzania. Current research, carried out by the OLAPP team members (Olduvai Landscape Palaeoenthropology Project) on hominin land use in the Basin during the Plio-Pleistocene, has a strong palaeoenvironmental emphasis on the palaeovegetation in particular. Vegetation reconstruction, through phytolith analyses, is based on the relationship between phytolith morphology and abundance in the living plants with those found in the modern soils and its later comparison to palaoeanthropological levels in a very narrow time stratigraphic and spatial constraints (deposition of Lowermost Bed II in the eastern margin of the ancient paleolake). Samples were collected both from the Gorge and from analogous regions close by assuming that the fossil vegetation (1.5 million years ago) bore some resemblance to analogous ecosystems. The results were later compared to those obtained from the study of fossilized macroplants from the same areas. Despite the lose of certain phyhtolith morphotypes due to postdepositional processes, noted in modern and fossil soils, it was possible to identify, in the later, in several samples, phytoliths in enough number to show a diverse and changing vegetation through relatively short periods of time. A post-depositional model is proposed and the palaeovegetation is reinterpreted keeping in mind the results obtained.

Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, para realizar el estudio de suelos y el catálogo de imágenes digitales (Ref. BSO2002-12596-E); NSF (SBR-0109027) concedida a OLAPP.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Reconstrucción paleoambiental, Phytoliths, Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), Plistocè, Gorja d'Olduvai (Tanzània), Garganta de Olduvai, Vegetación, Paleobotànica, East Africa, Tanzania, Fitòlits, Pleistocene, Fitolitos, Àfrica oriental, Paleobotany, Plio-Pleistoceno

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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