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Nutrición Hospitalaria
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Factores asociados al riesgo nutricional en adultos mayores autónomos no institucionalizados

Nutrition-related risk factors in autonomous non-institutionalized adult elderly people
Authors: Montejano Lozoya, Raimunda; Ferrer Diego, Rosa; Clemente Marín, Gonzalo; Martínez-Alzamora, Nieves; Sanjuán Quiles, Ángela; Ferrer Ferrándiz, Esperanza;

Factores asociados al riesgo nutricional en adultos mayores autónomos no institucionalizados

Abstract

Objetivos: Determinar factores asociados al riesgo nutricional en adultos mayores autónomos no institucionalizados. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 660 adultos mayores autónomos, no institucionalizados. Los participantes fueron evaluados en 12 centros sociales (provincia de Valencia) seleccionados mediante un muestreo estratificado por bloques. Criterios de inclusión: tener 65 años o más, vivir en el domicilio, poseer autonomía funcional, residir más de un año en la provincia de Valencia, acudir periódicamente a los centros sociales y colaborar voluntariamente en el estudio. Se usa el MNA para la valoración nutricional y se recogen factores asociados al estado nutricional en una encuesta adhoc. Resultados: De los 660 sujetos estudiados, el 48,33% son hombres y el 51,67% mujeres, la edad media es de 74,3±6,57 años. El 23,33% presentan riesgo de malnutrición. Los factores independientes asociados al riesgo de malnutrición, con el odds de prevalencia ajustada, son: no poseer estudios (OR=2,29), sentir soledad (OR=2,34), mantener dietas controladas (OR=0,55), un apetito escaso (OR=2,56), número de fracciones en la ingesta diaria (OR=0,66), sufrir xerostomía (OR=1,72), tener dificultades para deglutir (OR=2,30), el número de enfermedades crónicas (OR=1,38) y haber sufrido enfermedades agudas en el último año (OR=2,03). Un incremento en el IMC se asocia a un buen estado nutricional (OR=0,85). Estos factores nos han permitido clasificar correctamente a un 80% de los pacientes encuestados. Conclusiones: Tener numerosas enfermedades crónicas, haber sufrido enfermedades agudas recientes, mantener dietas sin control, sufrir xerostomía y dificultad para deglutir, comer pocas veces al día y con escaso apetito, sentirse solo y no tener estudios son factores que, permiten predecir el riesgo de malnutrición en los adultos mayores.

Objectives: To determine factors related to nutritional riskin autonomous non-institutionalized adult elder people. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 660 autonomous non-institutionalized adult elder people. Participants were assessed in 12 social centres (province of Valencia) and selected using stratified sampling by blocks. Inclusion criteria: age 65 or over, living at home, functionally autonomous, having lived for more than 1 year in the province of Valencia, regularly visiting social centres and voluntary participation in the study. MNA is used for nutritional assessment and factors associated to nutritional status are collected by means of an ad-hoc survey. Results: Out of the 660 study subjects, 48.33% are male and 51.67% are female, mean age is 74.3±6,57. 23.33% show malnutrition risk. Independent factors associated to malnutrition risk –with adjusted prevalence odds ratioare: absence of academic education (OR=2.29), feeling lonely (OR=2.34), following controlled diets (OR=0.55), reduced appetite (OR=2.56), number of fractions in daily intake (OR=0.66), suffering from xerostomia (OR=1.72), swallowing difficulties (OR=2.30), number of chronic diseases (OR=1.38) and having suffered from acute diseases during the last year (OR=2.03). An increase in BMI is associated with a good nutritional status (OR=0.85). These factors have allowed an accurate classification of 80% of the surveyed patients. Conclusions: Numerous chronic diseases, recent acute diseases, non-controlled diets, xerostomia and swallowing difficulties, eating few times a day and little appetite, feelling lonely and lacking from academic education are factors allowing the prediction of malnutrition risk in adult elder people.

Country
Spain
Keywords

RC620-627, Factores asociados, Related factors, Autónomos no institucionalizados, ESTADISTICA E INVESTIGACION OPERATIVA, Adult elder people, Adultos mayores, Autonomous non-institutionalized, Enfermería, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Nutrition risk, Riesgo nutricional

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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