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Ecosistemas
Article . 2013
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Los nematodos como indicadores ambientales en agroecosistemas

Authors: Sánchez Moreno, Sara; Talavera Rubia, Miguel;

Los nematodos como indicadores ambientales en agroecosistemas

Abstract

El suelo es una unidad básica en el funcionamiento y dinámica de los agroecosistemas, ya que proporciona el sustento físico y biológico para la producción vegetal. Aunque el efecto de las prácticas antropógenas sobre el componente abiótico del suelo está ampliamente documentado, existen pocas herramientas capaces de medir el impacto de estas prácticas en la biodiversidad del ecosistema edáfico. Los nematodos del suelo constituyen un grupo de invertebrados de elevada importancia ecológica que presentan atributos que les convierte en valiosas herramientas como indicadores biológicos. Su extraordinaria diversidad taxonómica y funcional, su abundancia y ubiquidad, y la rápida respuesta de las comunidades de nematodos edáficos a perturbaciones ambientales, como el laboreo o la aplicación de insumos químicos, han convertido la nematofauna en un indicador clave en la evaluación del efecto del manejo agrario sobre los ecosistemas. La participación de los nematodos en múltiples eslabones funcionales dentro de la red trófica edáfica hace que sean también indicadores de numerosos procesos ecológicos y biológicos, como el mantenimiento del ciclo de nutrientes o el control de especies plaga. Este trabajo sintetiza los resultados obtenidos en la utilización de la nematofauna como indicadora de perturbaciones ambientales en los agroecosistemas, y expone una breve reseña del estado de la Nematología como disciplina científica en España.

Since soils provide the basic physical and biological support for plant production, they are the basic unit for agroecosystem dynamics and functioning. Although the effects of anthropogenic practices on the soil abiotic component are widely documented, there are few tools able to assess the impact of these practices on soil biodiversity. Soil nematodes are a group of soil invertebrates with high ecological relevance, presenting interesting attributes that make them useful tools as biological indicators. Their high taxonomic and functional diversity, their abundance and ubiquity, and the fast response of nematode assemblages to environmental perturbations such as tillage or chemical inputs have converted the nematode community into a key indicator on the evaluation of agricultural management on ecosystems. Nematodes participate in multiple functional groups of the soil food web, and can be used as indicator of ecological and biological processes such as the maintenance of nutrient cycling and soil suppressiveness against pest or invasive species. This article summarizes the results obtained by the use of nematodes as indicators of environmental perturbations on agroecosystems, and briefly discusses the situation of Nematology as a scientific discipline in Spain.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Environmental sciences, Diversidad biológica, Soil functioning, Biological diversity, Red trófica, Índices ecológicos, Ecological indices, GE1-350, Funcionalidad del suelo, Food web, Ecología

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold
Related to Research communities
Italian National Biodiversity Future Center