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Ritual funerario infantil en el Imperio romano

Authors: Salas Godoy, Ismael;

Ritual funerario infantil en el Imperio romano

Abstract

El mundo funerario romano ha sido estudiado en casi todos sus aspectos y formas, pero aún hay algunas partes que siguen sin quedar claras del propio ritual como las denominadas muertes prematuras o infantiles. Sobre estas aún no hay una idea clara, sino diferentes hipótesis sobre las distintas formas de interpretación, ya que además tampoco se sabe si eran comunes a todo el imperio o dependía de la procedencia del finado, ya que el proceso de romanización en las diferentes culturas que formaban el mundo romano aportó y enriqueció el ritual. La muerte de un niño se consideraba prematura y conllevaba una ritualidad diferente a los de los otros casos de deceso. Así los infantes podían ser enterrados en los vanos de las puertas o en él tejadillo de la casa familiar, sin embargo, los niños no podían ser incinerados con menos de siete meses, pues se temía que no quedase restos de ellos. Este límite cronológico estaba vinculado a la dentición, proceso que comenzaba a partir de esa edad. Ya que se necesitaba una prueba de la existencia de los niños. El funus o ritual funerario que se realizaba era en su mayor parte parecido al de los adultos difiriendo en los temas esotéricos y en las normas para la organización de este. Trataré el mundo funerario infantil no solo desde el aspecto literal en sí, sino también desde la preparación del cuerpo, la ritualidad o el enterramiento. También trataré el esoterismo en torno a lo que significaba el fallecimiento de un infante dentro del ámbito familiar.

Although the Roman funerary world has been thoroughly studied, several aspects of the rituals like the so-called premature or infant deaths remain unclear. It is yet unknown if this kind of ritual was common across the entire empire or dependent on the origin of the deceased, as the process of romanization in the different cultures that formed the Roman world contributed and enriched the ritual in a different manner. Premature death rituals were different compared to other cases of death. For instance, the infants would be buried in the doorways or in the roof of the family home. Moreover, the children with less than seven months of life could not be cremated because it was feared that there would not be any remains of them after the process and proof of the children’s existence was needed. This chronological limit was linked to teething, which begins at that age. The ritual itself would be, for the most part, very similar to that for adults, differing in esoteric themes and organization. Here I explore the premature death rituals covering not only the ritual itself, from the preparation of the body to the burial, but also the esotericism around what the death of an infant within the family meant.

Keywords

Death, Muerte, Funerario, Funeral, Funus, Ritual, Childish, Infantil

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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