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El conocimiento del profesorado sobre el Trastorno del Espectro Autista

Authors: Fuster-Rico, Andrea; Pérez-Marco, María; Gonzálvez, Carolina; Vicent, María;

El conocimiento del profesorado sobre el Trastorno del Espectro Autista

Abstract

La prevalencia del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) se ha incrementado notablemente en los últimos años. Por ello, la formación del profesorado se considera clave para mejorar sus conocimientos sobre el TEA, y de este modo, lograr una educación de calidad. Así, se propuso estudiar el nivel de conocimientos sobre el TEA que poseen 51 maestros. Se empleó el Autism Knowledge Questionnarie (AKQ) como instrumento para evaluar el conocimiento sobre el TEA. Se obtuvo que un 5.9 %, 47.1 % y 47.1 % de los participantes presentaron, respectivamente, un nivel de conocimiento débil, aceptable y bueno. Las carencias de conocimiento se asociaron con la comorbilidad, las características del TEA y los efectos de la medicación. Los resultados de los ANOVAS evidenciaron que las puntuaciones medias en el AKQ no difirieron significativamente en función del género, formación universitaria, años de experiencia docente y tipo de centro. Respecto al perfil profesional actual, los maestros de Educación Especial o Audición y Lenguaje obtuvieron medias significativamente más elevadas que los de Educación Primaria (d = 6.41). Igualmente, aquellos que habían tenido contacto con personas con TEA presentaban un nivel de conocimiento considerablemente más alto que los que no (d = 7.62). En conclusión, es necesaria una reconceptualización de la formación docente donde prime el contacto con el alumnado con TEA para enriquecer su conocimiento y llevar a cabo una Educación Inclusiva.

The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased notably in recent years. For this reason, teacher’s training is considered a key to improve their knowledge about ASD and, in turn, to achieve a quality education. This study aimed to analyze the level of knowledge about ASD that possess 51 teachers. The Autism Knowledge Questionnaire (AKQ) was used to evaluate the knowledge about ASD. It was observed that a 5.9%, 47.1% and 47.1% of the participants present, respectively, weak, acceptable, and good level of knowledge. Weaknesses and gaps of knowledge were associated with comorbidity, characteristics about ASD, and the effects of medication. The results of ANOVAS evidenced non-significant differences in the mean scores on AKQ as a function of gender, the university training, the years of teacher’s professional experience and the typology of school. Regarding the current professional profile, Special Education teachers or Speech and Hearing teachers obtained significantly higher mean scores than Elementary teachers (d = 6.41). In the same way, professionals who had had contact with people with ASD reported significantly higher levels of knowledge than people who had not had contact (d = 7.62). In conclusion, it is required a reconceptualization of the teachers’ training that prioritizes the contact with pupils with ASD to enrich their knowledge and, therefore, accomplish an Inclusive Education.

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Knowledge, Conocimiento, Profesorado, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Training, Teachers, Formación, Trastorno del Espectro Autista

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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