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Munin - Open Research Archive
Doctoral thesis . 2015
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Lek på to språk. En studie av kodeveksling og språkalternering i tospråklig rollelek på nordsamisk og norsk i en samisk barnehage.

Authors: Kleemann, Carola Babette;

Lek på to språk. En studie av kodeveksling og språkalternering i tospråklig rollelek på nordsamisk og norsk i en samisk barnehage.

Abstract

Temaet for denne avhandlingen er språkvalg i tospråklig rollelek med barn som bruker norsk og nordsamisk. Avhandlingen er basert på feltarbeidet jeg utførte i en samisk barnehage i et område der norsk er majoritetsspråk. Barna i barnehagen bruker både norsk og nordsamisk daglig, familiene har også tospråklige praksiser. Jeg fant at barna brukte begge språkene sine i rollelek, og at språkpraksisen er styrt av rollelekens regler. Rollelek som kontekst er grunnleggende i denne analysen av tospråklig rollelek. Uten en forståelse av rollelek, er det vanskelig å forstå rollelekens koder. Lek har sine egne koder for ulike nivå av virkelighet (Bateson 1976 [1955], 1982 [1956]). Disse kodene kan uttrykkes med visse lingvistiske signaler, som tone, valg av språkvarietet eller språkalternering (Bateson 1982 [1956]; Jakobson 1979, 1980; Sawyer 1997, 2003). Noen av disse signalene er obligatoriske, andre redundante. Dette tospråklige systemet overføres fra barn til barn (Guldal 1997; Kyratzis 2010; Paugh 2005). Tospråklig rollelek krever visse ytre betingelser, som en tospråklig gruppe barn i et stabilt og postivt språkmiljø, noe vi finner i den samiske barnehagen. Tospråklighetsforskning har tradisjonelt betraktet språkalternering som kodeveksling (Auer 1984, 1998, 2011; Myers-Scotton 1993). Jeg ser på dette som et enspråklig perspektiv på språkalternering. I et tospråklig perspektiv kan kodene veksle samtidig med språkalternering, men man kan også ha kodeveksling uten språkalternering (Alvarez-Cáccamo, 1998a, 1998b; Gafaranga, 2007; Gafaranga & Torras, 2002). I analysen av materialet mener jeg å finne at barna ikke nødvendigvis behandler språkene som koder, altså meningsbærende elementer, men at språkene kan være en del av en klynge med signaler som uttrykker kodene i rolleleken (Halmari & Smith 1994).

Role-play as context is fundamental in the analysis of bilingual role-play. Without an understanding of role-play, it is difficult to understand the codes of play. Play has its own codes for different levels of reality (Bateson 1976 [1955], 1982 [1956]). These codes are expressed with certain linguistic and non-linguistic cues, like tone of voice, dialect- or language alternation (Bateson 1982 [1956]; Jakobson 1979, 1980; Sawyer 1997, 2003). Some of these cues are obligatory, others are more optional. Bilingual play, the use of two languages in role-play, has certain obligatory cues, structural cues like the use of one language for directing, another for expressing lines (Cromdal, 2000; Green-Vänttinen, 1996; Guldal, 1997; Halmari & Smith, 1994), and this being a child-child transmitted mode (Guldal 1997; Kyratzis 2010; Paugh 2005). Bilingual role-play in any form demands certain external conditions, like a bilingual group of children in a stable and nourishing language environment. Research on codeswitching has treated language alternation as a switching of codes (Auer, 1984, 1998, 2011; Myers-Scotton, 1993). I view this as a monolingual perspective on language alternation. In a bilingual perspective codes may change when language alternation occurs, but in a bilingual setting there are other alternatives, like bilingualism (Alvarez-Cáccamo, 1998a, 1998b; Gafaranga, 2007; Gafaranga & Torras, 2002). From my study of bilingual play, I see the children not necessarily treating the languages as codes, there are other cues, or clusters of cues, that convey the codes of role-play (Halmari & Smith, 1994).

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Norway
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Keywords

VDP::Humaniora: 000::Språkvitenskapelige fag: 010::Nordiske språk: 018, kodeveksling, rollelek, språkalternering

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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