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handle: 10017/7807
En los albores de un nuevo siglo y de un nuevo milenio, la situación política de América Latina es radicalmente diferente de la que se vivía en la región hace más de dos décadas. En efecto, a mediados de 1970, sólo en Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela, las autoridades públicas se elegían con regularidad, mediante procesos electorales abiertos y competitivos. Hoy en cambio, y pese a todas sus carencias y déficit, que son muchos, la democracia es, excepto en Cuba, la única forma de gobierno que se practica en la región. Así, entre luces y sombras, ya hace casi 30 años que América Latina vive el proceso de (re)democratización más largo, extenso y profundo de toda su historia. Sin embargo, este proceso aún no cubre las expectativas de una ciudadanía que, realmente, anhela mayor democracia, y que ello implique una mejora sustancial en sus condiciones de vida. La crisis por la que atraviesan muchos de nuestros países constituye un grito de alarma que nos advierte sobre el peligro de dejarnos llevar por los aplausos prematuros, al tiempo que hace crecer nuestra preocupación por la salud política de la democracia latinoamericana, en cuanto a su arraigo, consolidación y estabilidad. En este artículo, exponemos algunas de las principales características del proceso democratizador en América Latina que, a nuestro entender, indican cuáles son los principales desafíos imperantes en la región, en su camino hacia la consolidación democrática.
At the dawn of a new century and a new millennium, the political situation in Latin America is radically different from what it was two decades ago. In fact, in the mid 70's only Costa Rica, Colombia, and Venezuela elected their public authorities regularly through open and competitive elections. Today, however, and in spite of all of its many shortcomings and deficiencies, democracy is the only form of government found throughout the region, with the sole exception of Cuba. Thus, for over two decades the región has experienced, albeit with periods of light and shadow, the longest, most extensive and most profound process of (re)democratization of its entire history. This process, however, has not fulfilled the expectations of citizens, who certainly long for a greater democracy, but who also expect the system to improve their living standards. The crisis currently undergoing many of our countries is a wakeup call to warn us about the danger of premature applause, and is the cause of growing concern about the political health of democracy in Latin America in terms of its entrenchment, consolidation, and durability. Some of the major characteristics of this democratization process are presented in this article. We point out what in our opinión are the main challenges the region is faced with in its route toward the consolidation of democracy.
Democracia, Gobierno, Política, Democracy, Social sciences, Corruption, CIENCIAS SOCIALES, Inequality, Latinobarometro, SOCIAL SCIENCES, Desigualdad, Government, Ciencias sociales, Latinobarómetro, Corrupción, Political science
Democracia, Gobierno, Política, Democracy, Social sciences, Corruption, CIENCIAS SOCIALES, Inequality, Latinobarometro, SOCIAL SCIENCES, Desigualdad, Government, Ciencias sociales, Latinobarómetro, Corrupción, Political science
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