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Impacto de los determinantes sociales en la tuberculosis

Authors: Rubio García, Paula;

Impacto de los determinantes sociales en la tuberculosis

Abstract

La enfermedad por tuberculosis supone una amenaza global para la salud pública. La OMS a través de la estrategia "Fin a la tuberculosis" tiene por objetivo para 2035 lograr una reducción del 95% en las muertes por tuberculosis en comparación con 2015, disminuir la tasa de incidencia en un 90% y garantizar que ninguna familia afectada por la tuberculosis enfrente costes catastróficos debido a la enfermedad. En este trabajo se describe el impacto de los determinantes sociales en la epidemiología de la enfermedad por tuberculosis. Se trata de una búsqueda bibliográfica narrativa en Pubmed de los artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2024, donde se encontraron 38 artículos que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión. Entre los resultados destaca cómo determinantes sociales como niveles educativos precarios o bajos ingresos económicos se relacionan con un aumento en el riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis. A su vez, las desigualdades sociales afectan el acceso a la atención médica y la adherencia al tratamiento. Otros factores como el estado de la vivienda, la contaminación ambiental o la ocupación laboral tienen un impacto en la epidemiología de la tuberculosis de forma significativa. Para poder conseguir los objetivos pactados en la estrategia “Fin de la tuberculosis” sería necesario abordar estos determinantes en paralelo con la mejora en la asistencia e investigación de la enfermedad, desde un marco global de gobernanza, contextualizado a las necesidades de cada país.

Tuberculosis disease poses a global threat to public health. Through the "End TB" strategy, the WHO aims to achieve a 95% reduction in tuberculosis deaths by 2035 compared to 2015, decrease the incidence rate by 90%, and ensure that no family affected by tuberculosis faces catastrophic costs due to the disease. This work describes the impact of social determinants on the epidemiology of tuberculosis disease. It is a narrative bibliographic search in PubMed of articles published between 2019 and 2024, where 38 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were found. The results highlight how social determinants such as poor educational levels or low economic income are related to an increased risk of developing tuberculosis. In turn, social inequalities affect access to medical care and treatment adherence. Other factors such as housing conditions, environmental pollution, or occupational status significantly impact the epidemiology of tuberculosis. To achieve the goals set in the "End TB" strategy, it would be necessary to address these determinants in parallel with improving disease care and research, from a global governance framework, contextualized to the needs of each country.

Máster Universitario en Acción Humanitaria Sanitaria (M161)

61 p.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Social determinants of health, Socioeconomic factor, Epidemiology, Medicina, Mortalidad, Factores socioeconómicos, Tuberculosis, Medicine, Determinantes sociales de la salud, Mortality, Epidemiologia

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average