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Detección de clones hipervirulentos de Clostridioides difficile

Authors: Drew Blanco, Nancy Michelle;

Detección de clones hipervirulentos de Clostridioides difficile

Abstract

Clostridioides difficile es un bacilo Gram positivo, anaerobio estricto y formador de esporas. La infección por C. difficile es principalmente inducida por el uso de antibióticos que alteran el microbiota intestinal. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia en entornos hospitalarios debido a la persistencia de esporas resistentes que favorecen su transmisión. La manifestación clínica oscila desde diarrea leve hasta megacolon tóxico o colitis fulminante potencialmente mortal. La patogenicidad está mediada por varios factores de virulencia entre ellos las toxinas tcdA y tcdB codificadas en el locus de patogenicidad (PaLoc), responsables del daño al epitelio intestinal, el gen tcdC, que actúa como regulador negativo de la producción de ambas toxinas, y una toxina binaria (cdtA/B) asociada a cepas hipervirulentas. Para este estudio se analizaron 45 cepas mediante secuenciación del gen 16S rRNA, identificación de genes toxigénicos, tipificación molecular (MLST), espectrometría de masas (MALDI-TOF), análisis de gen pilW mediante PCRsecuenciación y sensibilidad a antibióticos. Los resultados mostraron una identificación fiable ≥ 99% en MALDI-TOF y 16S rRNA, se identificaron cepas hipervirulentas con perfil tcdA+tcdB+ cdtA/B+ con tcdC íntegro o wildtype WT y con tcdC con diferente tamaño de deleción. Se identificaron 8 secuencio-tipos: en cepas Δ 18, los ST1, ST41, ST366, ST1205 y el nuevo ST1244; en cepas Δ 39, el ST11; en cepas tcdC WT, los ST41, y ST573. Se identificaron cepas hipervirulentas RT027/ST1 con predominio en deleción Δ 18tcdC. La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana muestra sensibilidad a vancomicina y metronidazol, pero resistencia a moxifloxacina, clindamicina y ceftriaxona. Las cepas ST1- Δ 18 demostraron una resistencia elevada a rifampicina. (CMI≥32 mg/L).

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus. Infection byC. difficile is primarily induced by the use of antibiotics that disrupt the intestinal microbiota. It occurs most frequently in hospital settings due to the persistence of resistant spores that facilitate its transmission. Clinical manifestations range from mild diarrhea to toxic megacolon or potentially fatal fulminant colitis. Pathogenicity is mediated by various virulence factors, including the toxins tcdA and tcdB encoded within the pathogenicity locus (PaLoc), which are responsible for damage to the intestinal epithelium, the tcdC gene that acts as a negative regulator of both toxins’ production, and a binary toxin (cdtA/B) associated with hypervirulent strains. In this study, 45 strains were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, identification of toxigenic genes, molecular typing (MLST), mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), pilW gene análisis by PCR-sequencing, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The results showed reliable identification (≥99%) via MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA. Hypervirulent strains were identified with the tcdA+tcdB+cdtA/B+ profile, featuring either intact (wild-type, WT) tcdC or tcdC with different deletion sizes. Eight sequence types were identified: in Δ18 strains, ST1, ST41, ST366, ST1205, and the novel ST1244; in Δ39 strains, ST11; in WT tcdC strains, ST41 and ST573. Hypervirulent RT027/ST1 strains were identified, predominantly featuring the Δ18tcdC deletion. Antimicrobial susceptibility showed sensitivity to vancomycin and metronidazole, but resistance to moxifloxacin, clindamycin, and ceftriaxone. ST1- Δ 18 strains exhibited high resistance to rifampicin (MIC ≥32 mg/L).

Máster Universitario en Microbiología Aplicada a la Salud Pública e Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (M138)

75 p.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

MALDI-TOF, Tipificación, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), Biología y Biomedicina/Biología, Clostridioides difficile, Medicina, Resistance, Typing, Deletion, Sensitivity, Resistencia, Pathogenicity locus (PaLoc), Locus de patogenicidad (PaLoc), Toxinas, Toxins, Medicine, Sensibilidad, Deleción, Biology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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