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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
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Hipoacusia neonatal: cribado auditivo y factores asociados

Authors: Costales Pavón, Noelia;

Hipoacusia neonatal: cribado auditivo y factores asociados

Abstract

Introducción y objetivos: La hipoacusia neonatal representa un problema relevante de salud pública debido a su impacto en el desarrollo del lenguaje. El cribado auditivo neonatal permite su detección precoz. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad del cribado auditivo y analizar la posible asociación de factores como el peso al nacer, el tipo de parto o la edad gestacional con resultados falsos positivos. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional retrospectivo en el Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla C.S. de Vida y Esperanza, incluyendo neonatos nacidos entre el 01/01/2023 y el 31/12/2023 con resultado patológico en el cribado auditivo neonatal, comparándolos con aquellos con resultado normal según diversas variables. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad gestacional al nacimiento, peso al nacer, edad cronológica al momento del cribado, sexo, tipo de parto, tipo de hospitalización y factores de riesgo de hipoacusia. Resultados: Entre los neonatos con cribado auditivo patológico, el 87,9% fueron normoyentes en el seguimiento otorrinolaringológico. No se identificaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas con factores de riesgo clásicos, salvo con malformaciones craneofaciales (p=0,02), aunque el tamaño muestral fue limitado. El bajo peso mostró una tendencia a la significación. Conclusiones: El cribado auditivo neonatal presentó una elevada tasa de falsos positivos. No se observaron asociaciones relevantes con variables clínicas comunes. La única diferencia significativa fue la presencia de malformaciones craneofaciales, sin posibilidad de extrapolación por su baja frecuencia.

Introduction and Objectives: Neonatal hearing loss is a significant public health issue due to its impact on language development. Newborn hearing screening enables early detection. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of hearing screening and to analyze whether factors such as birth weight, type of delivery, or gestational age are associated with false-positive results. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla C.S. de Vida y Esperanza, including neonates born between 01/01/2023 and 12/31/2023 with abnormal results in the newborn hearing screening, compared to those with normal results based on various variables. The analyzed variables were: gestational age at birth, birth weight, chronological age at screening, sex, type of delivery, type of hospitalization, and risk factors for hearing loss. Results: Among neonates with abnormal hearing screening, 87.9% were found to have normal hearing in otolaryngological follow-up. No statistically significant associations were found with classical risk factors, except for craniofacial malformations (p=0.02), although the sample size was limited. Low birth weight showed a trend toward significance. Conclusions: Newborn hearing screening showed a high false-positive rate. No relevant associations were observed with common clinical variables. The only significant difference was the presence of craniofacial malformations, though not generalizable due to low frequency.

Grado en Medicina

34 p.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Risk factors, Otorhinolaryngology, Neonatal hearing screening, Hearing loss, Hipoacusia, Otorrinolaringología, Cribado auditivo neonatal, Factores de riesgo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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