
handle: 10017/66030
La sepsis puerperal por Streptococcus pyogenes es una infección invasiva infrecuente pero potencialmente mortal en mujeres en el puerperio. Este trabajo presenta el caso clínico de una paciente previamente sana atendida en el Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara en 2023, quien desarrolló un cuadro de sepsis fulminante 15 días después de una cesárea. La evolución requirió múltiples intervenciones quirúrgicas, incluyendo histerectomía subtotal y anexectomía bilateral, así como un manejo intensivo multidisciplinar, con desenlace favorable. El caso se analiza en el contexto de una revisión bibliográfica que aborda los factores de riesgo, los mecanismos de virulencia del Streptococcus pyogenes, el diagnóstico y las estrategias terapéuticas y preventivas actuales. Se subraya la relevancia del reconocimiento clínico precoz, el inicio urgente de antibioterapia de amplio espectro y el control eficaz del foco infeccioso. Además, se discute la posible transmisión comunitaria, la necesidad de desarrollar escalas de evaluación clínica específicas para el contexto obstétrico y la recomendación emergente de quimioprofilaxis en contactos estrechos. Este trabajo pone de relieve la importancia de una vigilancia activa durante el puerperio y la implementación de protocolos clínicos específicos para mejorar el pronóstico materno en casos de infecciones graves como esta.
Puerperal sepsis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes is a rare but potentially life-threatening invasive infection in postpartum women. This paper presents the clinical case of a previously healthy patient treated at the University Hospital of Guadalajara in 2023, who developed fulminant sepsis 15 days after a cesarean section. The progression required multiple surgical interventions, including subtotal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy, as well as intensive multidisciplinary management, with a favorable outcome. The case is analyzed alongside a literature review that explores risk factors, virulence mechanisms of Streptococcus pyogenes, and current diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies. The importance of early clinical recognition, prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and effective control of the infectious source is emphasized. Additionally, the discussion addresses potential community transmission, the need to develop clinical assessment tools tailored to obstetric settings, and the emerging recommendation of chemoprophylaxis for close contacts. This work highlights the need for active postpartum surveillance and the implementation of specific clinical protocols to improve maternal outcomes in the face of such severe infections.
Grado en Medicina
49 p.
Streptococcus pyogenes, Medicina, Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, Puerperium, Infección invasiva, Betahemolítico del grupo A, Sepsis puerperal, Manejo multidisciplinar, Group A Beta-Hemolytic, Síndrome shock tóxico estreptocócico, Multidisciplinary management, Medicine, Puerperal sepsis, Invasive infection, Puerperio
Streptococcus pyogenes, Medicina, Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, Puerperium, Infección invasiva, Betahemolítico del grupo A, Sepsis puerperal, Manejo multidisciplinar, Group A Beta-Hemolytic, Síndrome shock tóxico estreptocócico, Multidisciplinary management, Medicine, Puerperal sepsis, Invasive infection, Puerperio
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