
handle: 10017/65859
El presente estudio revisa sistemáticamente la literatura publicada entre 2017 y 2025 sobre la evaluación de la calidad vocal en pacientes laringectomizados y compara la eficacia de tres estrategias de rehabilitación: voz esofágica, electrolaringe y prótesis fonatoria. Se realizaron búsquedas avanzadas en PubMed, Embase y Cochrane, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión predefinidos, y se integraron 10 artículos que cumplían los estándares metodológicos. El análisis trianguló medidas acústicas y aerodinámicas, escalas perceptuales (GRBAS, CAPE-V) y cuestionarios de calidad de vida (UW-QOL, EORTC-H&N35). Los resultados muestran que la prótesis traqueoesofágica ofrece la voz más próxima a la fisiológica (F0 125-170 Hz; MPT ≈ 10 s) y mayores beneficios psicosociales. La electrolaringe brinda inteligibilidad inmediata (>90 %) pero se ve limitada por un timbre metálico y la ausencia de prosodia, mientras que la voz esofágica destaca por su autonomía tecnológica, aunque requiere una prolongada curva de aprendizaje y presenta menor intensidad sonora. Se concluye que la elección terapéutica debe individualizarse y respaldarse en protocolos de evaluación estandarizados; asimismo, se recomienda impulsar ensayos multicéntricos que integren innovaciones basadas en inteligencia artificial para optimizar la rehabilitación vocal y la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
This systematic review analyses research published between 2017 and 2025 on voice-quality assessment in laryngectomised patients, comparing the effectiveness of three rehabilitation strategies: esophageal speech, electrolarynx, and tracheoesophageal prosthesis. Comprehensive searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane identified 10 studies that met predefined methodological criteria. Acoustic and aerodynamic parameters were triangulated with perceptual scales (GRBAS, CAPE-V) and quality-of-life questionnaires (UW-QOL, EORTC-H&N35). Results indicate that the tracheoesophageal prosthesis yields the voice closest to physiological norms (F0 125–170 Hz; MPT ≈ 10 s) and offers the greatest psychosocial benefits. The electrolarynx provides immediate intelligibility (> 90 %) but is constrained by its metallic timbre and limited prosody, whereas esophageal speech allows technological autonomy yet requires a prolonged learning curve and produces lower sound intensity. Therapeutic decisions should therefore be individualised and anchored in standardised assessment protocols. Future multicentre trials incorporating artificial-intelligence innovations are recommended to enhance vocal rehabilitation and overall quality of life for this population.
Grado en Medicina
39 p.
Electrolaringe, Voz esofágica, Evaluación vocal, Medicina, Esophageal speech, Voice assessment, Medicine, Laryngectomy, Prótesis fonatoria, Laringectomía, Tracheoesophageal prosthesis, Electrolarynx
Electrolaringe, Voz esofágica, Evaluación vocal, Medicina, Esophageal speech, Voice assessment, Medicine, Laryngectomy, Prótesis fonatoria, Laringectomía, Tracheoesophageal prosthesis, Electrolarynx
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