
handle: 10017/65828
Introducción: El síndrome de Cushing endógeno es una entidad infrecuente pero con comorbilidades importantes asociadas, que afecta negativamente a la calidad de vida de los pacientes e incrementa la mortalidad. La resección quirúrgica sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección, pero, cuando esta no es factible o no logra la curación, el tratamiento médico puede ser una alternativa. Objetivo: Revisar las diferentes alternativas farmacológicas disponibles para el tratamiento del hipercortisolismo y las nuevas moléculas en fase de investigación, analizando su mecanismo de acción, eficacia y perfil de seguridad. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed. Se eligieron artículos relevantes publicados en la última década sobre el tratamiento médico del hipercortisolismo endógeno, excluyendo estudios sobre cirugía o en animales. Resultados: Los inhibidores de la esteroidogénesis presentan altas tasas de normalización del cortisol libre urinario de 24h, pero también efectos adversos como hepatotoxicidad, prolongación del intervalo QT e interacciones relacionadas con CYP450. Los antagonistas del receptor glucocorticoide mejoran los síntomas clínicos con menor efectividad analítica. Los inhibidores de la secreción de ACTH permiten controlar parámetros analíticos y reducir el tamaño tumoral hipofisario. No existe evidencia suficiente para recomendar un esquema de tratamiento respecto a otro. Conclusiones: Los inhibidores de la esteroidogénesis son los más efectivos en el tratamiento médico del hipercortisolismo, aunque no están exentos de reacciones adversas. La combinación de medicamentos mejora el rendimiento terapéutico y reduce los efectos secundarios de la monoterapia. A pesar del desarrollo de nuevas moléculas, persiste la necesidad de estudios comparativos que consoliden protocolos basados en la evidencia.
Introduction: Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome is a rare condition but is associated with significant comorbidities, negatively affecting quality of life and increasing mortality. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice; however, when surgery is not feasible or fails to achieve remission, medical therapy may serve as an alternative. Objective: To review the available pharmacological options for the treatment of hypercortisolism and the new investigational agents, analyzing their mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety profile. Methods: A search was conducted in the PubMed database. Relevant studies published in the last decade on the medical treatment of endogenous hypercortisolism were selected, excluding animal studies and those focused on surgical interventions. Results: Steroidogenesis inhibitors show high rates of 24-hour urinary free cortisol normalization but are also associated with adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity, QT interval prolongation, and CYP450-related interactions. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonists improve clinical symptoms with less impact on biochemical control. ACTH secretion inhibitors help regulate biochemical markers and reduce pituitary tumor size. There is insufficient evidence to recommend one treatment regimen over another. Conclusions: Steroid-derived inhibitors are the most effective in the medical treatment of hypercortisolism, although they are not free from adverse reactions. Drug combination strategies enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of monotherapy. Despite the development of new agents, there remains a need for comparative studies to establish evidence-based protocols.
Grado en Medicina
42 p.
Inhibidores esteroidogénesis, Efficacy, Inhibidores secreción ACTH, Medicina, ACTH secretion inhibitors, Endogenous hypercortisolism, Efectividad, Medicine, Antagonistas receptor glucocorticoide, Safety, Seguridad, Steroidogenesis inhibitors, Hipercortisolismo endógeno, Glucocorticoid receptor antagonists
Inhibidores esteroidogénesis, Efficacy, Inhibidores secreción ACTH, Medicina, ACTH secretion inhibitors, Endogenous hypercortisolism, Efectividad, Medicine, Antagonistas receptor glucocorticoide, Safety, Seguridad, Steroidogenesis inhibitors, Hipercortisolismo endógeno, Glucocorticoid receptor antagonists
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