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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2025
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Cocaetileno como factor etiológico de muerte súbita cardiaca

Cocaethylene as an etiological factor in sudden cardiac death
Authors: Torralbo Cabezón, Aitor;

Cocaetileno como factor etiológico de muerte súbita cardiaca

Abstract

Antecedentes: El consumo simultáneo de cocaína y alcohol representa una práctica frecuente entre usuarios de drogas de abuso, generando un metabolito específico, el cocaetileno, cuya toxicidad cardiovascular ha sido señalada por diversos estudios como potencialmente superior a otras drogas de abuso cardiotóxicas. La evidencia científica disponible es limitada por lo que este trabajo justifica la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento sobre el cocaetileno como agente implicado en el proceso de muerte súbita cardíaca. Objetivos: El objetivo principal de esta revisión es evaluar la implicación del cocaetileno como factor etiológico en la muerte súbita cardíaca. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA para evaluar la relación entre el cocaetileno y la muerte súbita cardíaca. La búsqueda se efectuó entre septiembre de 2024 y marzo de 2025 en PubMed y Scopus. Tras un proceso de selección en varias etapas, se incluyeron 14 estudios relevantes para la revisión. Resultados: En la presente revisión sistemática se incluyeron 14 estudios publicados entre los años 2013 y 2023, con un diseño metodológico observacional predominantemente retrospectivo y casos–controles, realizados en distintos países (Australia, Brasil, Canadá, España y Estados Unidos). Diversos estudios reportan una asociación significativa entre el consumo de cocaína y un mayor riesgo de daño miocárdico, elevación de troponina y aparición de eventos cardiovasculares graves como arritmias, infarto agudo de miocardio o parada cardíaca. Los estudios forenses documentan que el consumo de cocaína y otras drogas de abuso son un factor de riesgo significativo para la muerte súbita cardíaca. La combinación de cocaína con alcohol (formando cocaetileno) muestra una mayor toxicidad cardíaca y una asociación con un incremento del riesgo de muerte súbita cardíaca de hasta 25 veces. Conclusiones: El cocaetileno debe ser considerado un metabolito tóxico de especial interés clínico y medicolegal, cuya presencia está vinculada con un incremento de los eventos cardiovasculares agudos, de las alteraciones hemodinámicas graves y, en última instancia, de los fallecimientos súbitos de origen cardíaco.

Background: The simultaneous consumption of cocaine and alcohol is a common practice among drug users, leading to the formation of a specific metabolite, cocaethylene. Various studies have suggested that its cardiovascular toxicity may be potentially greater than other cardiotoxic drugs of abuse. However, the available scientific evidence remains limited, which justifies the need for further investigation into cocaethylene as an agent involved in the process of sudden cardiac death. Objectives: The main objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the implication of cocaethylene as an etiological factor in sudden cardiac death. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to assess the relationship between cocaethylene and sudden cardiac death. The search was conducted between September 2024 and March 2025 in PubMed and Scopus. After a multi-step selection process, 14 relevant studies were included in the review. Results: This systematic review includes 14 studies published between 2013 and 2023, predominantly observational in design, with retrospective case-control studies conducted in various countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Spain, and the United States). Several studies report a significant association between cocaine use and an increased risk of myocardial damage, elevated troponin levels, and the occurrence of severe cardiovascular events, such as arrhythmias, acute myocardial infarction, or cardiac arrest. Forensic studies have documented that the use of cocaine and other drugs of abuse is a significant risk factor for sudden cardiac death. The combination of cocaine with alcohol (resulting in cocaethylene) exhibited greater cardiac toxicity and was associated with up to a 25-fold increase in the risk of sudden cardiac death. Conclusions: Cocaethylene should be considered a toxic metabolite of special clinical and medicolegal interest, as its presence is linked to an increase in acute cardiovascular events, severe hemodynamic disturbances, and ultimately, sudden cardiac deaths.

Grado en Medicina

52 p.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Sudden cardiac death, Cocaetileno, Cocaine, Muerte súbita cardíaca, Medicina, Medicine, Alcohol, Cocaína, Cocaethylene

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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green