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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2024
License: CC BY NC ND
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Espacios que curan: el paisajismo en las construcciones sanitarias

Authors: Sánchez Luque, Belén;

Espacios que curan: el paisajismo en las construcciones sanitarias

Abstract

La evolución histórica de la arquitectura sanitaria ha venido siempre precedida de los avances científicos, médicos, tecnológicos y, también, sociales. Tras el confinamiento durante la pandemia de COVID-19, la sociedad empezó a valorar la importancia de los espacios exteriores y el contacto con la naturaleza, esenciales para la salud mental y física de las personas. Este hecho puso de manifiesto las deficiencias en muchos de los edificios y dotaciones, en especial en las construcciones sanitarias. Aunque en España gozamos de un sistema de sanidad pública envidiable a nivel de medios tecnológicos y humanos, las construcciones que los albergan han quedado obsoletas ante las nuevas necesidades. Necesitamos espacios humanizados, donde el diseño tenga como foco al usuario. En los centros hospitalarios no hay solo un tipo de usuario, lo que hace que el diseño sea más complejo y detallado, pero debe estar centrado en el usuario principal: el paciente. Numerosos estudios e investigaciones confirman que la arquitectura y el entorno construido tienen un efecto en el usuario, y viceversa, el usuario también tiene un efecto o impacto en el espacio que le rodea. Partiendo de esta premisa, se estudian cuáles son los parámetros que afectan y en qué medida lo hacen. Vemos cómo la iluminación natural, el contacto con la naturaleza, las formas orgánicas, determinados colores, etc., producen una serie de efectos en el cerebro humano. Si estos elementos o parámetros ayudan a mejorar la salud y el bienestar de las personas sanas, es un error no usarlos como herramienta terapéutica para personas con problemas de salud. De todos los parámetros de diseño arquitectónico basados en los conceptos de neuroarquitectura, este trabajo se centrará en la naturaleza y los elementos biofílicos. Se estudiará el concepto de jardín terapéutico, aquellos dedicados a cumplir una función de curación o tratamiento para el usuario, cómo se diseñan estos espacios exteriores y cómo podemos utilizar el paisaje como parte de la terapia de un paciente. Se estudiarán diferentes referencias de construcciones sanitarias de distintas ubicaciones, usos, tipologías, etc., para poder comparar cómo se utiliza la naturaleza como elemento de diseño en distintos proyectos. Como conclusión, se elaborará una guía de buenas pautas para el diseño de jardines, espacios exteriores, zonas verdes, etc., en centros hospitalarios. Se tratará de marcar hacia dónde va el diseño de los hospitales del futuro, más allá de la mera funcionalidad y centrándose en la humanización de los espacios.

The historical evolution of healthcare architecture has always been preceded by scientific, medical, technological, and social advancements. After the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, society began to recognize the importance of outdoor spaces and the connection to nature, which are essential for both mental and physical health. This situation highlighted the deficiencies in many buildings and facilities, particularly in healthcare architecture. Although Spain has an enviable public healthcare system in terms of technological and human resources, the buildings housing these facilities have become outdated in response to new demands. We need humanised spaces, where design focuses on the user. In hospital centres there is not just one type of user, which makes the design process more complex and detailed, but it must prioritize the main user: the patient. Numerous studies and researches confirm that architecture and the built environment have a significant impact on the user, and conversely, the user also influences and shapes the space around them. Based on this premise, this research aims to identify which architectural parameters influence the user and to what extent. We observe how natural light, contact with nature, organic forms, specific colors, etc., generate various effects on the human brain. If these design elements or parameters contribute to the well-being of healthy individuals, it would be a mistake not to utilize them as therapeutic tools for individuals with health issues. Among all the architectural design parameters based on neuroarchitecture concepts, this work will focus on nature and biophilic elements. The concept of the therapeutic garden, those designed to serve a healing or treatment function for the user, will be studied, along with how these outdoor spaces are designed and how landscape can be integrated as part of patient therapy. Several case studies of healthcare buildings in different locations, uses, typologies, etc., will be analysed to compare how nature is utilized as a design element across different projects. As a conclusion, a guide outlining best practices for designing gardens, outdoor spaces, green areas, etc., in healthcare facilities will be developed. The goal is to establish the direction for future hospital design, moving beyond mere functionality and focusing on the humanization of spaces.

Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura y Urbanismo

116 p.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Neuroarchitecture, Neuroarquitectura, Arquitectura hospitalaria, Therapeutic garden, Humanización, Humanization, Nature, Paisaje, Naturaleza, Jardín terapéutico, Architecture, Landscape, Healthcare architecture, Arquitectura

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green