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handle: 10017/62839
Introducción: La acondroplasia, comúnmente denominada enanismo, es una de las patologías más comunes dentro de las displasias esqueléticas. Es causada por una mutación en el gen del receptor del factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos tipo 3 (FGFR3). Se caracteriza por estatura baja, acortamiento rizomélico de las extremidades, macrocefalia, retrusión mediofacial, manos en forma de “tridente”, hipotonía y retraso en el desarrollo motor entre otras. La fisioterapia juega un papel importante en el en el abordaje de estos pacientes para mejorar su calidad de vida interviniendo en el desarrollo motor para una mayor independencia en la vida diaria. Objetivo: El fin de este estudio de caso es comprobar los beneficios de la fisioterapia en un niño de 12 meses que presenta acondroplasia. Metodología: Se ha elaborado un estudio de caso. Para ello, entre noviembre de 2023 y mayo de 2024 se ha realizado una intervención de fisioterapia con periodicidad de 1 sesión semanal, con una duración de 45 minutos cada sesión, siendo un total de 15 sesiones. La variable de este estudio, la cual ha sido el desarrollo motor, se ha recogido en 3 momentos: pre-intervención, a los 4 y a los 6 meses de intervención, con la versión española de la Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Resultados: Tras la intervención se ha evidenciado beneficio en el desarrollo motor del sujeto, especialmente en las subescalas de sedestación y bipedestación de la Escala de Motricidad Infantil de Alberta. Conclusión: Se concluye que el tratamiento fisioterapéutico en niños con acondroplasia es beneficioso para su desarrollo motor. Dado que la evidencia científica sobre el tema es escasa se requiere más investigación en este campo científico.
Introduction: Achondroplasia, commonly called dwarfism, is one of the most common pathologies within skeletal dysplasias. It is caused by a mutation in the type 3 fibroblast growth factor receptor gene (FGFR3). It is characterized by short stature, rhizomelic shortening of the extremities, macrocephaly, mediofacial retrusion, hands in the form of "trident", hypotonia and delayed motor development among others. Physical therapy plays an important role in the approach of these patients to improve their quality of life by intervening in motor development for greater independence in daily life. Objetive: The purpose of this case study is to test the benefits of physical therapy in a 12-month-old child with achondroplasia. Methodology: A case study has been prepared. For this end, between November 2023 and May 2024, a physiotherapy intervention was performed at the intervals of 1 weekly session, lasting 45 minutes each session, for a total of 15 sessions. The variable of this study, which has been the motor development, has been collected in 3 moments: pre-intervention, at 4 and 6 months of intervention, with the Spanish version of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Results: After the intervention, benefit has been shown in the motor development of the subject, especially in the subscales of sitting and standing of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Conclusion: It is concluded that physiotherapeutic treatment in children with achondroplasia is beneficial for their motor development. Since scientific evidence on the subject is scarce, more research is needed in this scientific field.
Grado en Fisioterapia
70 p.
Motor development, Pediatría, Escala de motricidad infantil de Alberta, Sedestación, Alberta Infant Motor Scale, Terapia de Aprendizaje Motor Orientado a la Tarea, Pediatrics, Achondroplasia, Desarrollo motor, Bipedestación, Acondroplasia, Task Oriented Motor Learning Therapy, Physiotherapy, Standing, Physical therapy, Fisioterapia, Sitting
Motor development, Pediatría, Escala de motricidad infantil de Alberta, Sedestación, Alberta Infant Motor Scale, Terapia de Aprendizaje Motor Orientado a la Tarea, Pediatrics, Achondroplasia, Desarrollo motor, Bipedestación, Acondroplasia, Task Oriented Motor Learning Therapy, Physiotherapy, Standing, Physical therapy, Fisioterapia, Sitting
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