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handle: 10017/62421
La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune crónica cuya diana son las articulaciones, provocando dolor, inflamación y rigidez. Si no se consigue hacer que la enfermedad remita, conduce irremediablemente a una discapacidad física significativa y consecuentemente disminuye la calidad de vida. El objetivo de esta revisión es explorar la utilidad de los biomarcadores en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y seguimiento de la AR, así como su implementación en la práctica clínica. Los biomarcadores clásicos como los anticuerpos antipéptidos citrulinados (ACPA) y el factor reumatoide (FR) siguen siendo fundamentales en el diagnósticos de la AR, los ACPA muestran mayor especificidad que FR, mientras que FR sería un biomarcador ligeramente más sensible que ACPA. Los reactantes de fase aguda (RFA) son útiles para monitorizar la enfermedad, pero tienen poca capacidad diagnóstica. Otros anticuerpos alternativos como los anticuerpos antipéptidos carbamilados (anti-CarP) y los anticuerpos anti-Sa tienen utilidad en el diagnóstico de AR seronegativa. Los marcadores genéticos ofrecen información sobre la predisposición y la agresividad de la enfermedad, también sobre la respuesta a tratamiento específico. Los microRNAs y los paneles de biomarcadores multiproteicos muestran potencial en el diagnóstico precoz y la personalización del tratamiento, con estudios que indican que estos nuevos biomarcadores podrían tener mayor sensibilidad y especificidad que los clásicos.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease whose main target is the joints, causing pain, inflammation and stiffness. Failure to make the disease remit leads to significant physical disability and decreased quality of life for patients. The aim of this review is to explore the usefulness of biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of RA, as well as implementation in clinical practice. Classical biomarkers such as anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) remain central in the diagnosis of RA, with ACPA showing higher specificity than RF, while RF would be a slightly more sensitive biomarker. Acute phase reactants (APRs) are useful for monitoring disease, but have little diagnostic capability. Alternative antibodies such as anticarbamylated peptide (anti-CarP) and anti-Sa antibodies are useful in the diagnosis of seronegative RA. Genetic markers provide information on predisposition and aggressiveness of the disease, as well as response to specific treatment. MicroRNAs and multiprotein biomarker panels show potential in early diagnosis and treatment personalization, with studies showing that these new biomarkers could have greater sensitivity and specificity than classical biomarkers.
Grado en Medicina
44 p.
Rheumatology, Medicina, Artritis Reumatoide, Biomarcador, Medicine, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Biomarker, Reumatología
Rheumatology, Medicina, Artritis Reumatoide, Biomarcador, Medicine, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Biomarker, Reumatología
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