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handle: 10017/62327
Las complicaciones infecciosas siguen siendo una causa importante de morbimortalidad en los conflictos armados, debido a las peculiaridades del entorno bélico, que hacen que las heridas sean propensas a la infección. Aunque la cirugía y el desbridamiento temprano son cruciales en su tratamiento, el uso adecuado de antibióticos, tanto de forma profiláctica como terapéutica es esencial. Esta revisión bibliográfica se centra en evaluar los tipos de heridas de combate, identificar los factores de riesgo de infección, analizar la microbiología, abordar la emergencia de resistencias y revisar el tratamiento médico de estas infecciones. Para ello, se han revisado 49 artículos obtenidos de plataformas y de organizaciones oficiales. Destaca la importancia de comprender los mecanismos de lesión, especialmente ante la creciente incidencia de lesiones por los nuevos artefactos explosivos. Se han identifican factores de riesgo de infección como el cierre quirúrgico primario sin desbridamiento y el uso excesivo de antibióticos. Además, el uso de antibióticos de amplio espectro y el contacto con la asistencia sanitaria contribuye al desarrollo de gérmenes multirresistentes. Existe una falta de directrices claras en el manejo de la infección establecida, con variabilidad en la prescripción y tendencia al uso excesivo de fármacos. En el manejo prehospitalario, la profilaxis ajustada según las guías y el desbridamiento son fundamentales.
Infectious complications continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in armed conflicts, due to the peculiarities of the battlefield environment, which make wounds prone to infection. Although surgery and early debridement are crucial in their treatment, the appropriate use of antibiotics, both prophylactically and therapeutically, is essential. This literature review focuses on evaluating the types of combat wounds, identifying risk factors for infection, analyzing microbiology, addressing the emergence of resistance, and reviewing the medical treatment of these infections. To this end, 49 articles obtained from platforms and official organizations have been reviewed. It emphasizes the importance of understanding injury mechanisms, especially given the increasing incidence of injuries from new explosive devices. Risk factors for infection have been identified, such as primary surgical closure without debridement and excessive antibiotic use. Additionally, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and contact with healthcare facilities contribute to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms. There is a lack of clear guidelines in the management of established infection, with variability in prescription and a tendency towards excessive drug use. In prehospital management, guideline-adjusted prophylaxis and debridement are fundamental.
Grado en Medicina
41 p.
Herida, Combate, Antibiotics, Prophylaxis, Medicina, Profilaxis, MDR, Wound, Combat, Infección, Medicine, Antibióticos, Infection
Herida, Combate, Antibiotics, Prophylaxis, Medicina, Profilaxis, MDR, Wound, Combat, Infección, Medicine, Antibióticos, Infection
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