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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2024
License: CC BY NC ND
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Diferencias en estado de salud y uso de servicios sanitarios entre población rural y urbana

Differences in health status and healthcare use between and urban population
Authors: Armañac Cadenas, Celia;

Diferencias en estado de salud y uso de servicios sanitarios entre población rural y urbana

Abstract

Introduction: There is not enough evidence about the influence of living in a rural or an urban area in health concerns. Spain is suffering a depopulation process and access to healthcare can be affected by that. This project’s goal is to analyse if there are differences in health status, use and access to healthcare services between rural and urban population. Methods: By using the European Survey of Health in Spain 2020 (N: 22.072), it has been studied the association between living in a rural town (less than 10.000 population) and health results, use of healthcare services and accessibility variables. The statistical study consisted in logistic regressions adjusted by age, sex, and presence of chronic diseases to calculate Odds Ratio (OR) and confidence intervals. Results: Urban population has more risk of suffering chronical diseases, heart attacks, allergies, and malign tumours as well as of being hospitalized and using the emergency service. Rurality increases the possibilities of feeling limited by a disease, suffering from arthrosis, using primary care, and referring lack of health assistance due to distance. There are not significative differences in self-perceived health. Discussion: There are differences in the distribution of healthcare system use and the presence of certain diseases between rural and urban areas but there aren’t in self-perceived health. Individual, environmental, and socioeconomic factors are proposed as possible explanations. Accessibility issues are also considered and access to healthcare services problems are unevenly distributed along the Spanish territory. Conclusions: There are health differences between rural and urban areas, and it is necessary to study them more.

Introducción: No existe evidencia clara sobre la influencia de vivir en el medio rural o urbano en la salud. En España, las zonas rurales se están despoblando y eso puede influir en el acceso a los servicios sanitarios. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si existen diferencias en salud y uso y acceso a los servicios sanitarios entre medio rural y urbano. Material y métodos: Utilizando la Encuesta Europea de Salud en España 2020 (N: 22.072) se ha estudiado la relación entre vivir en un municipio rural (menos de 10.000 habitantes) y variables sobre salud, uso de servicios sanitarios y accesibilidad. Se han realizado regresiones logísticas ajustadas por edad, sexo y presencia de enfermedades crónicas calculando Odds Ratio e intervalos de confianza. Resultados: La población urbana tiene mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas, infartos, alergias y tumores malignos, de ingresar y de utilizar la urgencia. La ruralidad aumenta las posibilidades de sentirse limitado por una enfermedad, de artrosis, de acudir a la atención primaria y de referir falta de asistencia sanitaria por distancia. No hay diferencias significativas en estado de salud percibido. Discusión: Ciertas patologías y el uso de servicios sanitarios se distribuyen diferente entre el mundo rural y el urbano pero la autopercepción de salud no. Se proponen varias explicaciones relacionadas con factores individuales, ambientales y socioeconómicos. También con la accesibilidad, cuyos problemas se reparten de forma desigual en el territorio español. Conclusiones: Hay diferencias en salud entre vivir en áreas rurales y urbanas en España y sería interesante seguir estudiándolas.

Grado en Medicina

30 p.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Urbano, Despoblación, Medicina, Healthcare, Estado de salud, Urban, Depopulation, Medicine, Rural, Accesibilidad, Accessibility, Servicios sanitarios, Health status

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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