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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2024
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Uniones carpinteras en madera: análisis y estudio estructural de modelos in-situ

Authors: Laguna Orive, Alba;

Uniones carpinteras en madera: análisis y estudio estructural de modelos in-situ

Abstract

Este trabajo trata sobre el comportamiento de las estructuras de madera, abordando aspectos como las características de la madera como material constructivo y estructural, las tipologías constructivas o los tipos de uniones. Se realiza un estudio sobre estas estructuras en su conjunto y se concluye el trabajo con el estudio de las uniones carpinteras, una técnica en la que se utilizan cortes geométricos en los propios elementos estructurales como método fundamental de unión. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es la profundización en el análisis de las estructuras de madera, y más concretamente, estudiar el comportamiento estructural de diversas uniones carpinteras, para así crear un catálogo que pueda servir de ayuda a la hora de trabajar con ellas. Si se quiere potenciar el uso de estas uniones primero deben darse a conocer. Para la realización de este estudio se han consultado varios libros de estructuras de madera, en especial los publicados por AITIM, la Asociación de Investigación de las Industrias de la Madera. También se han utilizado recursos online, aunque la fuente principal del trabajo proviene de la fabricación manual de varias uniones carpinteras y de su posterior análisis. Para la creación del catálogo de uniones carpinteras se ha llevado a cabo la manufactura de diecisiete uniones a escala. Gracias a la ejecución manual de cada una de estas uniones, se ha podido valorar la dificultad y el tiempo de elaboración que requiere cada una de ellas. Tras la fabricación de estas uniones, han sido sometidas a distintos esfuerzos, más concretamente de tracción, compresión, flexión y giro, y se ha realizado un análisis de resultados. Además, se han buscado ejemplos de su aplicación en casos reales y se han determinado las localizaciones más recomendadas para cada una de ellas dentro de una estructura de madera. El resultado de esta investigación ha sido una compilación de diferentes uniones carpinteras, lo que permite un acceso más rápido y directo a la elección de estas uniones para futuras construcciones, potenciando y facilitando así su uso y devolviéndoles el valor que han tenido a lo largo de la historia de la arquitectura. Asimismo, se dan recomendaciones sobre las modificaciones que se le pueden realizar a estas uniones para lograr una mayor eficiencia y mejorar su comportamiento frente a los distintos esfuerzos presentes en cada caso, dependiendo de la función que tenga la unión. Una de estas alteraciones puede ser, por ejemplo, la utilización de piezas complementarias como pernos o bridas que mejoren la estabilidad de la unión. También pueden realizarse ligeras variaciones en la geometría como cambios en la inclinación de las caras o la creación de patillas que permitan ejercer resistencia ante los distintos esfuerzos. Estas recomendaciones se ofrecen para facilitar futuras investigaciones sobre el tema y para asentar la base de la creación de nuevas uniones.

This work deals with the behavior of wooden structures, addressing aspects such as the characteristics of timber as a construction and structural material, construction typologies or types of joints. A study is carried out on these structures as a unitary system and the work concludes with the study of carpentry joints, a technique in which geometric cuts are used in the structural elements themselves as the fundamental joining method. The main objective of this research is to deepen the analysis of wooden structures, and more specifically, to study the structural behavior of various carpentry joints, in order to create a catalog that can help when working with them. If you want to promote the use of these unions, they must be made known first. To carry out this study, several books on wooden structures have been consulted, especially those published by AITIM, the Wood Industries Research Association. Online resources have also been used, although the main source of the work comes from the manual manufacture of several carpentry joints and their subsequent analysis. To create the catalog of carpentry joints, seventeen scale joints have been manufactured. Thanks to the manual execution of each of these joints, it has been possible to assess the difficulty and preparation time required by each of them. After the manufacture of these joints, they have been subjected to different stresses, more specifically traction, compression, bending and rotation, and an analysis of the results has been carried out. In addition, examples of their application in real cases have been sought and the most recommended locations for each of them within a wooden structure have been determined. The result of this research has been a compilation of different carpentry joints, which allows faster and more direct access to the choice of these joints for future constructions, thus enhancing and facilitating their use and giving them back the value they have had throughout the years in architecture history. In addition, recommendations are given on the modifications that can be made to these joints to achieve greater efficiency and improve their behavior against the different stresses present in each case, depending on the function that the joint has. One of these alterations may be, for example, the use of complementary parts such as bolts or flanges that improve the stability of the joint. Slight variations in the geometry can also be made, such as changes in the inclination of the faces or the creation of temples that allow resistance to be exerted against different stresses. These recommendations are offered to facilitate future research on the topic and to lay the foundation for the creation of new unions.

Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura y Urbanismo

93 p.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Architecture, Wooden structure, Carpentry joint, Timber, Unión carpintera, Woodworking, Carpintería, Wood joints, Estructura de madera, Uniones de madera, Madera, Arquitectura

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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