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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2022
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Manejo de la enfermedad de membrana hialina en recién nacidos prematuros: ¿seguimos haciendo lo mismo que hace una década?

Managing hyaline membrane disease in preterm infants: do we do the same as we did a decade ago?
Authors: López de Toro Sánchez, María;

Manejo de la enfermedad de membrana hialina en recién nacidos prematuros: ¿seguimos haciendo lo mismo que hace una década?

Abstract

Introducción y objetivos: La enfermedad de membrana hialina (EMH) es una patología inversamente proporcional a la edad gestacional que consiste en un cuadro respiratorio agudo por déficit de surfactante endógeno. El objetivo principal del estudio es analizar los cambios en el manejo de la EMH en los recién nacidos prematuros en los últimos diez años, en relación con la asistencia respiratoria recibida, el tipo de surfactante y la técnica de administración empleada, así como la comorbilidad asociada a la EMH y la prematuridad y los episodios respiratorios en los dos primeros años de vida. Material y métodos: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo realizado mediante la revisión de historias clínicas de los recién nacidos prematuros con diagnóstico de enfermedad de membrana hialina entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2016, comparado con la cohorte posterior (enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2021). Resultados: se ha estudiado un total de 87 pacientes, 45 pertenecientes a la primera cohorte y 42 a la segunda, de edades gestacionales y pesos comparables. Observamos un empleo predominante del soporte respiratorio no invasivo, priorizando el uso de CPAP y BIPAP sobre la ventilación mecánica (95.2% vs 68.9%, p<0,001), en la segunda cohorte. Así mismo, en el segundo grupo la administración de surfactante se realizó más precozmente y en el 100% de los casos por técnica mínimamente invasiva (MIST), mientras que en el primer grupo se realizó por técnica invasiva o INSURE (intubaciónsurfactante- extubación) (p<0,001), observándose una rápida respuesta con disminución de las necesidades de oxígeno tras la administración de surfactante por LISA sin aumento de las complicaciones. No se apreciaron diferencias en ambas cohortes la comorbilidad asociada a la EMH y a la prematuridad, la duración de la estancia hospitalaria ni el desarrollo de bronquiolitis y broncoespasmos, en los dos primeros años de vida. Conclusiones: El manejo de la enfermedad de membrana hialina ha experimentado en los últimos años un cambio caracterizado por priorización del soporte respiratorio no invasivo sobre la ventilación mecánica invasiva, con indicación precoz de rescate con surfactante intratraqueal administrado por técnicas mínimamente invasivas. Estas modificaciones en el manejo de la EMH no se relacionan con aumento en la estancia hospitalaria ni con incremento de las complicaciones.

Introduction and objectives: Hyaline membrane disease (HCME) is a pathology inversely proportional to gestational age that consists of an acute respiratory picture due to endogenous surfactant deficiency. The main objective of the study is toanalyze the changes in the management of MSM in preterm infants in the last ten years, in relation to the respiratory support received, the type of surfactant and the administration technique used, as well as the comorbidity associated with MHS and prematurity and respiratory episodes in the first two years of life. Material and methods: retrospective cohort study conducted by reviewing medical records of preterm infants diagnosed with hyaline membrane disease between January 2012 and December 2016, compared to the subsequent cohort (January 2017 to December 2021). Results: a total of 87 patients were studied, 45 belonging to the first cohort and 42 to the second of comparable gestational ages and weights. We observed a predominant use of non-invasive respiratory support, prioritizing the use of CPAP and BIPAP over mechanical ventilation (95.2% vs 68.9%, p<0.001), in the second cohort. Likewise, in the second group the administration of surfactant was performed earlier and in 100% of cases by minimally invasive technique (MIST), while in the first group it was performed by invasive technique or INSURE (intubation-surfactant-extubation) (p<0.001), observing a rapid response with decreased oxygen needs after the administration of surfactant by LISA without increasing complications. There were no differences in both cohorts in the comorbidity associated with MSM and prematurity, the length of hospital stay or the development of bronchiolitis and bronchospasms in the first two years of life. Conclusions: The management of hyaline membrane disease has undergone in recent years a change characterized by prioritization of non-invasive respiratory support over mechanical invasive ventilation, with early indication of rescue with intratracheal surfactant administered by minimally invasive techniques. These changes in the management of MSM are not related to an increase in hospital stay or an increase in complications.

Grado en Medicina

45 p.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria, Hyaline membrane disease, Respiratory distress syndrome, Medicina, Surfactant, Medicine, Surfactante, Prematurity, Enfermedad de membrana hialina, Prematuridad

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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