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handle: 10017/58747
La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se ha propagado de forma rápida, dando lugar a una situación de pandemia, con importante morbilidad y mortalidad. En este contexto, han surgido un amplio número de vacunas para tratar de hacer frente a esta enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar los casos reportados de manifestaciones neurológicas tras la aplicación de las vacunas contra COVID-19, describiendo los hallazgos clínicos, analíticos, de neuroimagen y los resultados de salud. Encontramos 82 artículos, que notificaron 13.805 pacientes. La mayoría ocurrieron en mujeres (63,9%), con una mediana de edad de 50 años. Los eventos adversos notificados con más frecuencia fueron parálisis facial de Bell 4954/13805 (35,9%), eventos vasculares cerebrales 2410/13805 (17,45%), síndrome de Guillain-Barré 865/13805 (6,2%), desmielinización del sistema nervioso central 249/13805 (1%) y trastorno neurológico funcional 398/13805 (2,8%). La vacuna de Pfizer (BNT162b2) fue la más frecuentemente informada, seguida de la vacuna de AstraZeneca (ChAdOX1 nCoV-19). Aunque las complicaciones neurológicas de las vacunas contra COVID-19 se encuentran entre las más graves, con riesgo de mortalidad y secuelas a largo plazo, la frecuencia de manifestaciones neurológicas graves parece ser mínima al compararse con el impacto de la propia enfermedad por coronavirus 19. Según la evidencia actual, los beneficios de la vacunación parecen superar los potenciales riesgos. Sin embargo, estas complicaciones deben conocerse, facilitando su diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos. Son necesarios grandes estudios epidemiológicos controlados para establecer una relación causal entre la vacunación contra COVID-19 y los eventos adversos neurológicos.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly, giving rise to a pandemic, causing significant morbidity and mortality. In this context, many vaccines have emerged to try to deal with this disease. The objective of this study was to review the reported cases of neurological manifestations after the application of COVID-19 vaccines, describing clinical, analytical and neuroimaging findings and health outcomes. We found 82 articles, reporting 13,805 patients. The majority were women (63.9%), with a median age of 50 years. The most frequently reported adverse events were Bell's palsy 4954/13805 (35.9%), cerebrovascular events 2410/13805 (17.45%), Guillain-Barré syndrome 865/13805 (6.2%), central nervous system demyelination 249/13805 (1%) and functional neurological disorder 398/13805 (2.8%). Pfizer vaccine (BNT162b2) was the most frequently reported, followed by the AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOX1 nCoV-19). Although neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccines are among the most serious, associating risk of mortality and long-term sequelae, the frequency of serious neurological manifestations seems to be minimal when compared to the impact of coronavirus 19 disease itself. Based on current evidence, the benefits of vaccination appear to outweigh the potential risks. However, these complications must be known, allowing their early diagnosis and treatment. Large epidemiological studies with a control group are needed to establish a causal relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and neurological adverse events.
Grado en Medicina
56 p.
Adverse event, Vacunas SARS-COV-2, Medicina, COVID-19 vaccines, SARS-COV-2 vaccines, Manifestaciones neurológicas, Patología neurológica, Neurological manifestations, Evento adverso, Neurological pathology, Medicine, Safety, Seguridad, Vacunas COVID-19
Adverse event, Vacunas SARS-COV-2, Medicina, COVID-19 vaccines, SARS-COV-2 vaccines, Manifestaciones neurológicas, Patología neurológica, Neurological manifestations, Evento adverso, Neurological pathology, Medicine, Safety, Seguridad, Vacunas COVID-19
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