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handle: 10017/58039
Introducción: La tiroidectomía es una de las cirugías más realizadas. A pesar de que la mortalidad es cercana al 0%, la frecuencia de complicaciones asociadas a este procedimiento no es despreciable. Las más características son, la lesión recurrencial, el hematoma asfíctico y en especial el hipoparatiroidismo postquirúrgico. El tamaño de la glándula tiroidea (GT) ha sido considerado clásicamente, como uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes, sin que exista hasta el momento, ningún estudio que lo analice de forma independiente. Objetivos: analizar si el tamaño de la GT es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de hipoparatiroidismo postquirúrgico así como de otras complicaciones tras la tiroidectomía. Pacientes y Método: Se realiza un estudio prospectivo de todos los pacientes intervenidos por tiroidectomía total en el Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2021. Se calculó el volumen de la GT mediante ecografía y, junto con el peso de la pieza definitiva, se correlacionó con el desarrollo de complicaciones postquirúrgicas. Resultados y discusión: Analizando la incidencia de complicaciones según los cuartiles de peso y volumen glandular, no encontramos diferencias significativas en cuanto a la incidencia de hipoparatiroidismo transitorio ni permanente en ninguno de los grupos. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias en términos de parálisis recurrencial. Se visualizó cierta tendencia protectora respecto al volumen tiroideo y la extirpación de glándulas paratiroides (GP), sin haber diferencias significativas. No encontramos ningún caso de sangrado. Conclusión: Al contrario de lo que clásicamente se ha estudiado, el tamaño del tiroides no ha demostrado ser un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones después de la tiroidectomía. La incidencia de hipoparatiroidismo, lesión recurrencial o sangrado es similar al observado tras la cirugía de glándulas de menor tamaño si se realiza por cirujanos experimentados.
Introduction: Thyroidectomy is one of the most performed surgical procedures worldwide. Despite the fact that the mortality rate is currently close to 0%, the incidence of complications in such frequent surgery is not negligible. The most frequent complications are the injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve, asphyxic hematoma and specially postsurgical hypoparathyroidism. The size of the thyroid gland (TG) has classically been considered one of the most important risk factors, there are no studies that have analyzed it independently. Objectives: To analyze whether the size of the TG is a risk factor for the development of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism as well as other complications after thyroidectomy. Patients and Method: A prospective review of all patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in hospital Ramón y Cajal between January 2019 and December 2021 was carried out. Presurgical thyroid volume measured by ultrasound and the weight of the final removed have been correlated with the development of post-surgical complications. Results: When analyzing the incidence of complications according to the quartiles of weight and glandular volume, there were no significant differences in the incidence of transient or permanent hypoparathyroidism in any of the groups. Neither were differences observed between terms of recurrent paralysis. A certain protective tendency was observed regarding the number of parathyroid glands (PG) removal and glandular size, without significant differences. There was no case of bleeding. Conclusion: The size of the TG has not been shown to be a risk factor for the development of post-surgical complications, contrary to what has been classically considered. The incidence of hypoparathyroidism, recurrent injury, or bleeding is similar to that found after surgery of smaller glands if performed by experienced surgeons.
Grado en Medicina
50 p.
Thyroid, Complications, Goiter, Hypoparathyroidism, Medicina, Hipoparatiroidismo, Recurring lesion, Complicaciones, Lesión recurrencial, Bocio, Thyroidectomy, Medicine, Tiroides, Tiroidectomía
Thyroid, Complications, Goiter, Hypoparathyroidism, Medicina, Hipoparatiroidismo, Recurring lesion, Complicaciones, Lesión recurrencial, Bocio, Thyroidectomy, Medicine, Tiroides, Tiroidectomía
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