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Diagnóstico precoz de melanoma con dermatoscopia

Authors: Heras Alonso, María Elena de las;

Diagnóstico precoz de melanoma con dermatoscopia

Abstract

La dermatoscopia es una técnica diagnóstica de amplio uso en dermatología, que fue inicialmente diseñada para el diagnóstico precoz de melanoma y se ha extendido a la patología tumoral benigna y la patología inflamatoria. Recientemente se ha publicado una muy importante revisión Cochrane sobre la dermatoscopia, con y sin inspección visual, para el diagnóstico de melanoma en adultos que indica que es más exacta cuando se interpreta con el paciente presente. Existen diferentes equipos y tipos de luz, polarizada y no polarizada. Aunque existen aplicaciones de la dermatoscopia en patología inflamatoria y tumoral benigna, nos centraremos en la mejoría diagnóstica del melanoma pues un retraso diagnóstico de una lesión que es un melanoma puede conllevar un retraso en la extirpación, mayor espesor de Breslow y un peor pronóstico con riesgo de metátasis y fallecimiento. Se han descrito los diferentes criterios dermatoscópicos para los diferentes tipos de melanomas (extensión superficial, nodular, lentigo maligno melanoma, lentiginoso acral, subungueal, de mucosas, nevoide y melanoma sobre nevus congénito). Se debe tener especial cuidado con la detección de melanomas en cuero cabelludo, por su peor pronóstico. En pacientes de alto riesgo de melanoma, con múltiples nevusatípicos y o antecedentes de varios melanomas en familiares; se aconsejan las pruebas de seguimiento con fotografía corporal total y dermatoscopia digital.

Dermoscopyis a widely used diagnostic technique in dermatology, initially designed for early diagnosis of melanoma extended to diagnosis of benigns tumors and inflammatory pathology. Recently a very important Cochrane about dermoscopy, with and without visual inspection, has been published; indicating that dermoscopy is more accurate for diagnosis of melanoma when patient is present. There are different types of dermoscopy, polarized and non polarized. Although there are applications of dermoscopy for inflammatory and benign pathology, we will concentrate on improvement on diagnosis of melanoma. A delay in diagnosis of melanoma will lead to delay in surgery, greater Breslow thickness and worse prognosis with risk of metastasis and death. Criteria for different types of melanoma have been described (superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligno melanoma, acral lentiginous, subungueal, mucosa, nevoid and melanoma in congenital nevus). Detection of scalp melanoma may be taken into consideration due to worse prognosis. In high risk patients for melanoma, total photography and digital dermoscopy are recommended.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Medicina, Diagnóstico, Diagnosis, Medicine, Dermoscopy, Dermatoscopia, Melanoma

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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