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Pastizales, ganadería extensiva y secuestro de carbono: estudio de caso en la Sierra de Guadarrama

Authors: Mata Gallego, Miguel;

Pastizales, ganadería extensiva y secuestro de carbono: estudio de caso en la Sierra de Guadarrama

Abstract

El secuestro de carbono es una de las estrategias más importantes en la mitigación del cambio climático. De entre todos los sistemas ecológicos terrestres, los pastizales ganaderos son uno de los sistemas rurales con mayor capacidad de almacenar el carbono en el suelo y por tanto, a largo plazo. El calentamiento global y la desaparición de pastizales en favor de otros sistemas ponen en riesgo este sumidero de carbono. En este trabajo, se estudia la dinámica del carbono y las comunidades fisiológicas del suelo en un gradiente altitudinal de la Sierra de Guadarrama. Se muestrearon tres pastizales con y sin exclusión de ganadería en tres localidades a diversa altitud. Posteriormente, se analizó su contenido en carbono orgánico y otros aniones de interés. Con el objetivo de caracterizar los cambios en la fisiología microbiana en respuesta a la variación en altitud y presencia/ausencia de pastoreo, se inocularon 25 fuentes de carbono diferentes a cada muestra, obteniendo así los perfiles fisiológicos a nivel de comunidad (CLPPs). Los resultados mostraron que, en el extremo del gradiente a mayor altitud, la presencia de pastoreo provoca un mayor secuestro de carbono en el suelo. Además, las comunidades microbianas del suelo utilizaban una mayor diversidad de fuentes de carbono en los extremos cálidos del gradiente, sugiriendo una diversificación funcional con el calentamiento que podría acelerar el consumo de carbono en el suelo con el calentamiento global. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de los sistemas ganaderos extensivos de las montañas en el clima mediterráneo, sugiriendo estrategias de conservación y/o restauración ecológica de este tipo de sistemas con el objetivo de mantener los servicios de captación de CO2 que aportan.

Carbon sequestration is one of the most important strategies towards climate change mitigation. Grasslands are among the terrestrial ecosystems with the highest capacity to store carbon in the soil and thus in the long term. Global warming and grasslands disappearance in favour of other systems put this carbon sink at risk. In this work, we study the dynamics of carbon and soil physiological communities in an altitude gradient in the Sierra de Guadarrama. Three grasslands with and without livestock exclusion were sampled at three locations at different altitudes. Subsequently, their organic carbon content and other ions of interest were analysed. In order to characterise changes in microbial physiology in response to variation in altitude and presence/absence of grazing, 25 different carbon sources were inoculated into each sample to obtain community level physiological profiles (CLPPs). The results showed that, at the higher altitude end of the gradient, grazing leads to higher soil carbon sequestration. In addition, soil microbial communities used a greater diversity of carbon sources at the warm ends of the gradient, suggesting functional diversification with warming that could accelerate soil carbon consumption with global warming. These results show the importance of extensive mountain livestock systems in the Mediterranean climate, suggesting strategies for the conservation and/or ecological restoration of such systems in order to maintain the CO2 sequestration services they provide.

Máster Universitario en Restauración de Ecosistemas (M139)

Andivia Muñoz, Enrique (tutor académico)

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Carbon sequestration, Grazing, Comunidades funcionales del suelo, Medio Ambiente, Grasslands, Pastoreo, Secuestro de carbono, Pastizales, Functional soil communities, Environmental science

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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