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Erradicación de la poliomielitis: visión histórica y perspectivas futuras

Authors: Gómez Pérez, Vanesa;

Erradicación de la poliomielitis: visión histórica y perspectivas futuras

Abstract

A pesar de los esfuerzos que ha realizado la Iniciativa de Erradicación Mundial de la Poliomielitis a través de numerosas campañas de inmunización, dos países siguen siendo endémicos de esta enfermedad, Afganistán y Pakistán. Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal conocer las principales estrategias de vacunación empleadas en los distintos países y que resultados han obtenido. A través de diferentes búsquedas bibliográficas se han revisado los documentos y artículos más influyentes al respecto. Los hallazgos encontrados remarcan la importancia de estudiar con detalle la población objeto de la inmunización antes de implantar una estrategia de vacunación y la situación y contexto del país. Las campañas de vacunación al estar sujetas a cambios continuos deben ser comunicadas a la población de la forma más apropiada posible para alcanzar al mayor número de familias sin privar a ningún niño de este derecho. Es importante para su éxito que se diseñen de manera multisectorial para que puedan ser apoyadas e impulsadas a todos los niveles, y que los gobiernos asuman sus responsabilidades. Por otro lado, se debe llevar a cabo una correcta vigilancia de los casos notificados como sospechosos y una rápida respuesta de los laboratorios para confirmar o descartar un diagnóstico de polio. El final de la polio cada día está más cerca y para ello será imprescindible que los países reducto sigan los planes estratégicos y recomendaciones para su erradicación marcados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud.

Despite the efforts of the Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative through numerous immunization campaigns, two countries remain endemic for this disease, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The main objective of this study is to know the main vaccination strategies used in the different countries and the results obtained. Through different bibliographic searches, the most influential documents and scientific articles in this regard have been reviewed. The findings highlighted the importance of study in detail the population targeted for immunization before implementing a vaccination strategy and the situation and context of the country. Vaccination campaigns are subject to continuous changes and therefore must be communicated to the population in the most appropriate way possible to reach the greatest number of families without depriving any child of this right. It is very important for their success that each country design a multisectoral process so that they can be supported and promoted at all levels and that governments assume their responsibilities. On the other hand, proper surveillance of cases reported as suspects and a quick response from laboratories must be carried out to confirm or rule out a polio diagnosis. The polio end is closer every day and for this it will be essential that the polio-affected countries follow the strategic plans and recommendations for its eradication set by the World Health Assembly.

Máster Universitario en Acción Humanitaria Sanitaria (M161)

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Future Perspectives, Medicina, Vaccination, Vacunación, Strategy, Sustainable Development Goals, Estrategia, Campaña, Poliomielitis, Campaign, Erradicación, Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, Perspectivas futuras, Medicine, Eradication, Poliomyelitis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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