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La comunicación de los riesgos y la participación comunitaria como pilares de intervención de salud pública en una pandemia/epidemia: la experiencia de la respuesta humanitaria en el caso de la emergencia COVID-19

Risk communication and community engagement as pillars of public health intervention in a pandemic/epidemic: the experience of the humanitarian response in case of the COVID-19 emergency
Authors: Peiró Gómez, Rocío;

La comunicación de los riesgos y la participación comunitaria como pilares de intervención de salud pública en una pandemia/epidemia: la experiencia de la respuesta humanitaria en el caso de la emergencia COVID-19

Abstract

En la historia de la humanidad, multitud de epidemias han marcado su evolución en términos sociales, demográficos, económicos y de salud pública. La actual, producida por el SARS-CoV-2, ha desencadenado una crisis sanitaria global. Las medidas de salud pública aplicadas han contribuido a la aparición de una crisis social y económica. La COVID-19 afecta desproporcionadamente a las personas más pobres y vulnerables, ya que, en su transmisión y grado de afectación, repercuten los DSS. Estas crisis tienen mayor alcance en los países en vías de desarrollo y en aquellos lugares donde es necesaria la acción humanitaria. Está demostrado que la eficacia de las intervenciones se incrementa con la puesta en marcha de redes comunitarias que favorecen la disminución de la transmisión y el impacto social asociado, además de mejorar la comunicación. En paralelo, se ha vivido una infodemia, una pandemia de desinformación y noticias falsas; al mismo tiempo que se han evidenciado las desigualdades en comunicación. Se han desarrollado numerosas iniciativas para combatirla por parte de OMS, UNICEF, OCHA, UNESCO, ONGs y de comunicadores científicos. Es fundamental efectuar una buena comunicación de riesgos adaptada al contexto y con la implicación directa de la población, sin dejar a nadie atrás y abordando el estigma. Es crucial para ello la labor de los trabajadores comunitarios de la salud. En este trabajo se exponen y analizan las estrategias de comunicación de riesgos y de participación comunitaria en la primera fase de la pandemia, con énfasis en aquellas desarrolladas en países del sur global.

In the history of humanity, many epidemics have marked its evolution in social, demographic, economic and public health terms. The current one, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has triggered a global health crisis. The public health measures implemented have contributed to the emergence of a social and economic crisis. COVID-19 disproportionately affects the poorest and most vulnerable people, since the Social Determinants of Health have an effect in its transmission and degree of impact. These crises are most far-reaching in developing countries and in places where humanitarian action is needed. It has been shown that the effectiveness of interventions increases with the implementation of community networks that favour a decrease in transmission and the social impact associated to it, in addition to improving communication. At the same time, there has been an infodemic, a pandemic of misinformation and fake news; while inequalities in communication have also become evident. Numerous initiatives have been developed to fight it by WHO, UNICEF, OCHA, UNESCO, NGOs and science communicators. Good risk communication adapted to the context and with the direct involvement of the population, leaving no one behind and addressing stigma, is essential. The work of community health workers is crucial to this. This paper presents and analyses risk communication and community participation strategies in the first stage of the pandemic, with emphasis on those developed in countries of the global south.

Máster Universitario en Acción Humanitaria Sanitaria (M161)

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Spain
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Keywords

Community Health Workers, Social Determinants of Health, Medicina, Trabajadores comunitarios de la salud, Community engagement, Participación comunitaria, COVID-19, Determinantes sociales de la salud, Comunicación de riesgos, Risk communication, Acción humanitaria, Medicine, Humanitarian action

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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