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Precautionary measures in criminal procedure are regulated in the LECrim. It is a series of measures that, except in the case of the deprivation of liberty by the police, are 2 adopted by means of judicial resolutions, and that are imposed before the end of the procedure, for reasons of assurance of the sentence, effectiveness of the process, security or prevention. With them, the freedom of movement of the accused or other freedoms of the person is curtailed, in order to ensure the effectiveness of compliance with the sentence that is passed in the future, through personal measures, or it is about guaranteeing pecuniary obligations, in the case of actual measurements. All precautionary measures must respond to certain principles and characteristics, their adoption being exceptional and motivated, since they affect the right to liberty and the presumption of innocence of the subject. Except in the case of the preventive prison, the Law does not foresee a maximum term of duration of the precautionary measure, so it can be understood that it may be maintained as long as the circumstances that justify its adoption persist, being possible to moderate the conditions that accompany the measure in case the risk is reduced. Therefore, the objective of criminal precautionary protection is to avoid certain situations that may hinder the exercise of the ius puniendi of the State, either by preventing the holding of the trial, or the execution of the decision that is issued.
Las medidas cautelares en el procedimiento penal se regulan en la LECrim. Se trata de una serie de medidas que, con la sola excepción de la detención policial, se adoptan por medio de resoluciones judiciales, y que se imponen antes de que finalice el procedimiento, por razones de aseguramiento de la condena, efectividad del proceso, seguridad o prevención. Con ellas se coarta la libertad de movimiento del encausado u otras libertades de la persona, con el propósito de asegurar la efectividad del cumplimiento de la sentencia que se dicte en un futuro, mediante las medidas personales, o bien se trata de garantizar las obligaciones pecuniarias, en el caso de las medidas reales. Toda medida cautelar debe responder a ciertos principios y características, siendo su adopción excepcional y motivada, puesto que afectan al derecho a la libertad y a la presunción de inocencia del sujeto. Salvo en el caso de la prisión preventiva, la Ley no prevé un plazo máximo de duración de la medida cautelar, por lo que cabe entender que podrá mantenerse en tanto perduren las circunstancias que justifican su adopción, siendo posible moderar las condiciones que acompañan a la medida en caso de que se reduzca el riesgo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la tutela cautelar penal es evitar determinadas situaciones que puedan dificultar el ejercicio del ius puniendi del Estado, ya sea por impedir la celebración del juicio, o bien la ejecución de la resolución que se dicte.
Máster Universitario en Acceso a la Profesión de Abogado (M155)
Derecho, Assurance, Proceso penal, Criminal process, Precautionary measures, Excepcionalidad, Medidas cautelares, Presunción de inocencia, Law, Exceptionality, Aseguramiento, Presumption of innocence
Derecho, Assurance, Proceso penal, Criminal process, Precautionary measures, Excepcionalidad, Medidas cautelares, Presunción de inocencia, Law, Exceptionality, Aseguramiento, Presumption of innocence
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