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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2021
License: CC BY NC ND
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2021
License: CC BY NC ND
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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Políticas de ACNUR en materia de habitabilidad: del refugiado en campamento a la integración urbana (1950-2019)

Authors: Bravo Barahona, María Isabel;

Políticas de ACNUR en materia de habitabilidad: del refugiado en campamento a la integración urbana (1950-2019)

Abstract

Antecedentes: En los últimos años, la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR) viene reorientando sus estrategias de acción desde una política ‘clásica’ basada en la protección y asistencia a refugiados en campamentos hacia soluciones alternativas de integración local en ciudades. Este cambio de orientación se inició de forma incipiente en 2009 y se consolidó hacia 2014 con la Política de Alternativa a los Campamentos (PAC), plan que aplica desde entonces. El giro de estrategia es inédito en la trayectoria de esta institución porque pone el acento en la integración urbana del refugiado y relega la solución clásica de campamentos a situaciones excepcionales y extremas de emergencia. Las consecuencias de esta política no han sido aún estudiadas en profundidad desde la arquitectura y el urbanismo. Objetivo: Estudiar las repercusiones que la aplicación de la PAC tiene sobre (i) las condiciones de habitabilidad de los refugiados y de las comunidades de acogida (dimensión social) y (ii) la forma y organización de la ciudad que los acoge (dimensión espacial). Desarrollo: Se formulan formulan tres preguntas de investigación: a. ¿Por qué el cambio de orientación representado por la PAC? b. ¿Qué consecuencias tiene sobre las condiciones de habitabilidad de los refugiados y de las comunidades de acogida? c. ¿Qué consecuencias tiene sobre la organización del espacio que habitan? Para contestarlas, hemos estudiado la trayectoria de ACNUR desde su fundación en 1950, en la que hemos distinguido cuatro etapas homogéneas de respuesta a las distintas crisis. Cada etapa se explica seleccionando un caso de estudio representativo, en el que hemos analizado: (i) condiciones de habitabilidad y (ii) repercusión morfológica sobre el lugar de esa solución concreta. Tras esta caracterización, se han comparado las distintas estrategias entre sí y se han evaluado en ambas vertientes, social y espacial. Resultados: Al término de la investigación se ha obtenido lo siguiente: a. Descripción de ventajas e inconvenientes, desde el punto de vista social y espacial, de la integración urbana de refugiados frente a la protección en campamentos. b. Criterios generales para anticiparse a problemas arquitectónicos y urbanísticos derivados de la PAC. c. Orientaciones sobre las competencias profesionales más adecuadas en arquitectos y urbanistas para desarrollar con mayor eficiencia la mejora de las condiciones de habitabilidad de los refugiados.

Background: In recent years, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has been reorienting its strategies of action from a "classic" policy based on the protection and assistance to refugees in camps towards alternative solutions for local integration into cities. This change in orientation started to appear in 2009 and was consolidated towards 2014 with Policy on Alternative to Camps (PAC), a plan that has been applied since then. The strategy shift is unprecedented in the path of this institution because it emphasizes the urban integration of the refugees and relegates the classic solution of camps to exceptional and extreme emergency situations. The consequences of this policy have not yet been studied in depth from the viewpoints of architecture and urban planning. Objective: To study the repercussions that the application of PAC has on (i) the liveability conditions of refugees and host communities (social dimension) and (ii) the form and organization of the city that hosts them (spatial dimension). Development: Three research questions are formulated: a. What are the reasons for the change in orientation represented by PAC? b. What are the consequences on the liveability conditions of refugees and host communities? c. What are the consequences on the organization of the space they inhabit? To answer them, we have studied the trajectory of UNHCR since its foundation in 1950, in which we have distinguished four homogeneous stages of response to the different crises. Each stage is explained by selecting a case study representative of each one, in which we have analyzed: (i) liveability conditions and (ii) morphological impact on the place of that specific solution. After this characterization, the different strategies have been compared with each other and evaluated in both social and spatial aspects. Results: At the end of the investigation the following has been obtained: d. Description of advantages and disadvantages, from the social and spatial point of view, of the urban integration of refugees against protection in camps. e. General criteria to anticipate architectural and urban problems arising from PAC. f. Guidance on the most appropriate professional skills in architects and urban planners to develop more efficiently the improvement of the liveability conditions of refugees.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cooperación internacional, Architecture, Planificación urbana, Movilidad y migraciones internacionales, Barrios degradados, Arquitectura

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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